Research Article Effects of Fagonia indica on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in Young Adult Female Rats Anam Younas, 1 Liaqat Hussain , 1 Arham Shabbir , 2 Muhammad Asif, 3 Musaddique Hussain, 3 and Faiza Manzoor 4 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2 Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan 3 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Correspondence should be addressed to Liaqat Hussain; liaqat.hussain@gcuf.edu.pk and Arham Shabbir; charham007@hotmail.com Received 17 March 2022; Revised 15 April 2022; Accepted 19 April 2022; Published 26 May 2022 Academic Editor: Yong Wang Copyright © 2022 Anam Younas et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a multidisciplinary endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women that provokes insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, cardiovascular problems, obesity, and menstrual complications. e present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Fagonia indica in letrozole-induced PCOS young adult female rats. HPLC was carried out to find the phenolic and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Fagonia indica. Twenty-five female rats were taken and initially divided into two groups: group I (control group) and group II (PCOS group). PCOS was induced by letrozole given orally by gavage. Body weight was recorded weekly and vaginal cytology was analyzed daily. After induction of disease, the PCOS group is further divided into four groups (n  5): group II (positive control with PCOS), group III (metformin 20 mg/kg treated group), group IV (ethanolic extract of Fagonia indica 500 mg/kg treated group), and group V (metformin plus Fagonia extract). At the end of experimental period, the blood sample of each rat was collected and serum was separated by centrifugation. Afterwards hormonal analysis, lipid profile and liver functioning tests were performed. Ovaries were removed and preserved for histo- pathological findings while the liver of each rat was stored for the determination of antioxidant potential assessment. Fagonia indica was found to possess quercetin as one of the major flavonoid phytoconstituents. e plant extract exhibited its beneficial effects by restoring hormonal balance, lipid profile, and liver functioning markers. Treatment with F. indica reduced body weight, resolved ovarian cysts, and showed positive effects on follicular growth. Treatment with plant also increased the levels of an- tioxidant enzymes. is study validates the potential of Fagonia indica for the amelioration of metabolic, as well as, hormonal disturbances that occurred in PCOS. 1. Introduction Hyperandrogenemia is a salient feature of PCOS, and a major contributor to cosmetic anomalies including hirsut- ism, acne, and male pattern alopecia in affected women. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder [1] that is characterized by multiple follicular cysts, found on the periphery of ovaries and can be visualized ultrasonographically. Overweight and obesity further complicate the situation by accelerating insulin re- sistance [2]. Moreover, PCOS is associated with different endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive traits including hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinism, obesity, hyperlipid- emia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular abnormalities, depression, anxiety, anovulation, oligo-ovulation, infertility, hirsutism, and acne [3, 4]. is syndrome is so devastated that it can cause endometrial hyperplasia and subsequently the development of endometrial cancer [5]. Concurrently, Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2022, Article ID 1397060, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1397060