Transnasional Vol.11 No.1 Juni 2016 27 PERBANDINGAN JUDICIAL REVIEW MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI INDONESIA DENGAN GERMANY FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DAN IMPLIKASINYA SECARA GLOBAL Muhammad Zaky 1 sirzaky@gmail.com Abstract The establishment of Constitutional Court is the answer to the development of constitutional law in countries in the world. It is an answer of needs for a new judicial institution. This expected new judicial institution does not only have to be independent. It has to be authorized to conduct interpretation the Constitution as well. Moreover, the Court should also be able to settle disputes between governmental agencies. In Indonesia, the set up of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia gives consequences to Indonesia’s state administration system in the 21 st century. This shows particularly after the reformation era in Indonesia. Therefore, the Court itself is considerably new in Indonesia. It is also considered younger than the one in the other parts of the world, including the one in Germany. In terms of authority, the Germany Federal Constitutional Court has more limited authority than Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. However, Germany Federal Constitutional Court has a considerable legal power. Key words: Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, Germany Federal Constitutional Court, judicial review Pendahuluan Pendirian Mahkamah Konstitusi atau MK merupakan salah satu perkembangan pemikiran hukum dan tata negara modern yang muncul pada abad ke-20. Indonesia merupakan negara ke-78 dan salah satu negara di abad ke-21 yang membentuk Mahkamah Konstitusi. Pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi juga merupakan salah satu hasil dari demokrasi. Perubahan utama yang penting mengenai demokrasi pada level nasional dalam kebangsaan berskala modern adalah bahwa tindakan-tindakan pemerintah biasanya dijalankan tidak secara langsung dengan warganya, tetapi tidak secara langsung dengan perwakilan dengan siapa mereka memilih berdasarkan basis yang sama dan bebas. 2 1 Alumnus Magister Hukum, Universitas Indonesia. 2 Arend Lijphart, Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984, hlm. 1