International Journal of Statistical Sciences ISSN 1683–5603 Vol. 4, 2005, pp 13-24 c ⃝ 2005 Dept. of Statistics, Univ. of Rajshahi, Bangladesh Revisiting the Digits of π and Their Randomness Herbert C. Heien Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN 56001, USA Email:Herbert.Heien@i3Magnifi.com Mezbahur Rahman Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN 56001, USA Email:mezbahur.rahman@mnsu.edu [Received May 17, 2005; Revised August 4, 2005; Accepted August 16, 2005] Abstract The number that has been studied longer than any other number is π, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Starting with Archimedes, the first theoretical analysis of π has grown from 3 or 4 digits of accuracy to billions of digits of accuracy. Here we explore the recent developments in retrieving the digits of π. We extend the statistical analysis regarding randomness of the digits in π. A Discrete version of the Anderson Darling goodness-of-fit test is used along with the Normal and the Chi-square tests in testing randomness of the digits in π. Keywords and Phrases: BBP Formula, Binomial Probability, Greek Numbers, Quantiles. AMS Classification: 62-07. 1 Introduction If one asks a person, “think of a number that has been studied longer than any other number on Earth” they would most likely answer π, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Mathematicians have often wondered how an elementary ratio can have such an incredibly complex structure. This ratio has fascinated mathemati- cians for many centuries. Many early mathematicians spent days calculating digits of π. Following Ramanujan (see Bailey (1988) and Borwein et. al. (1989) for details),