Abstract—This paper discusses leveraging
organizational competencies in hospitality management
education through employee volunteerism in business-
education partnerships, and the needs for partnership
accountability and performance measures for continued
investment from business partners. Study results of
employee-volunteerism in a casino management business-
education partnership suggest untapped corporate social
responsibility benefits for employers.
Index Terms—Business-education partnerships, casino,
hospitality and tourism management, corporate social
responsibility, employee volunteerism, organizational
competencies, performance measurements, Phillips ROI
Methodology™.
I. INTRODUCTION
HE U.S. is losing global competitiveness and this trend is
evident in institution competitiveness, higher education,
and the U.S. casino industry [1], [2], [3], [4]. An industry’s
competitiveness depends on its ability to produce a highly
skilled workforce and higher education plays a key role in
preparing students with skills critical to workplace success [5].
To help close student skill gaps and industry needs, higher
education entities form business-education partnerships [5],
[6]. The use of organizational competencies in business-
education partnerships (BEPs) through employee volunteerism
(EV) is the “design specs” for preparing students to succeed in
the 21st century workplace [7]. The skills can reduce the
growing mismatch between industry needs and workforce
skills preparedness.
Additionally, corporations use employee volunteerism as a
Manuscript received September 21, 2012.
E. K. Green is with the Casino, Hospitality and Tourism Management
Department, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
USA (phone:601-266-6511; fax:601-266-6707; email:
evelyn.green@usm.edu).
C. H Gaudet is with the Economic and Workforce Development
Department, The University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, MS 39560
USA (e-mail: cyndi.gaudet@usm.edu)
H. A. Annulis is with the Economic and Workforce Development
Department, The University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, MS 39560
USA (email: heather.annulis@usm.edu).
corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy to enhance
corporate image and increase public trust [8]. However, EV is
frequently not aligned with mainstream business strategy and
is not well-captured or formally reported [9], [10], [11]. Lack
of accountability by education partners often leads to
partnership breakdowns or failures [12], [13]. When unable to
account for, and align EV in BEPs with corporate goals,
business leaders become reluctant to continue investing in the
partnerships [14], [15].
The purpose of this study is to describe employee volunteer
and employer benefits from BEPs as perceived by employee
volunteers (EVs) of a BEP. The study population consists of
EVs from business partners in a United States (US) casino
jurisdiction engaged in a US undergraduate casino
management program. The study seeks to establish a
systematic reporting process and standard to measure
corporate employee volunteerism in BEP for casino,
hospitality and tourism management programs.
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Workplace Skills Gaps and Shortages
Employers find U.S. students deficient in skills critical to
workplace success [16]. Casner-Lotto [16] suggests the first
step toward ensuring a work-ready 21
st
century U.S.
workforce is to define the skills gaps and address them
through collaborative business-education partnerships.
According to the American Society for Training and
Development [5]:
A skills gap is a significant gap between an
organization’s skill needs and the current capabilities of its
workforce. It is the point at which an organization can no
longer grow and/or remain competitive in its industry
because its employees do not have the right skills to help
drive business results and support the organization’s
strategies and goals. (p. 5)
The leadership-competency model for the lodging industry
identifies self-management, strategic positioning,
implementation, critical thinking, interpersonal,
communication, and leadership as competencies future
hospitality leaders must possess [17]. Reasons skill gaps occur
include changes in workforce demographics; the loss of jobs
in many industries; the startling numbers of unprepared high
Measuring the Benefits of Employee
Volunteerism in Business-Education
Partnerships as a Corporate Social
Responsibility Strategy
Evelyn K. Green, Cyndi H. Gaudet, and Heather M. Annulis
T
DOI: 10.5176/2010-4804_2.2.187
GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR) Vol.2 No.2, October 2012
© The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access by the GSTF
91
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