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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(5): 171-174
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2019; 7(5): 171-174
© 2019 JEZS
Received: 14-07-2019
Accepted: 18-08-2019
Mary E Sanda
Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Michael Okpara
University of Agriculture,
Umudike, Nigeria
Emmanuel C Uwalaka
Department of Veterinary
Parasitology and Entomology,
Michael Okpara University of
Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
Idika K Idika
Department of Veterinary
Parasitology and Entomology,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Nigeria
Lucy E Agbaji
Department of Animal
Production, Kogi State
University, Anyigba, Nigeria
Correspondence
Mary E Sanda
Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Michael Okpara
University of Agriculture,
Umudike, Nigeria
Prevalence of helminths in cattle in Anyigba, Kogi
state, Nigeria
Mary E Sanda, Emmanuel C Uwalaka, Idika K Idika and Lucy E Agbaji
Abstract
The prevalence of helminths in cattle in Anyigba, Kogi State was studied. Faecal samples were collected
from 100 Cattle per rectum from different locations across the study area. The collected samples were
taken to the Parasitology Laboratory to determine the types of helminth eggs present using Centrifugal
Flotation Method. Descriptive statistic and T-test were used to analyze the data. Result showed that 85%
of cattle sampled had strongyle eggs while 1% had some oocyst eggs with prevalence of 86.4%, 82.9%,
83.9% and 92.3% for female, male, adult and calves respectively. The prevalence of 86.4% for cow was
higher than for bulls (82.9%) showing significant difference at p< 0.01. The highest prevalence was in
calves which was 92.3%. Adult cattle had 83.9% also showing a significant difference at p< 0.01. Faecal
culture indicated the presence of Haemonchus spp. (42.5%), Trichostrongylus spp. (30.3%), Cooperia
spp. (6.0%) and Bunostomum spp. (6.0%). Regular deworming is advocated.
Keywords: Helminthosis, parasitism, bovine, ruminants
Introduction
In the livestock industry, ruminants comprise the largest part of farm animals in the
agricultural sector of Nigeria
[1]
with a cattle population of about 13.9 million which
concentrates more in the northern area of the country
[1]
. Livestock production in most
developing economies is at a low level and is a major source of finance and food in rural
settings
[2]
. Production of livestock in Nigeria, which is mostly at subsistence level in rural
communities
[3]
is being hampered by a number of factors which include nutrition management
and health. The health of ruminants especially is affected by parasitic diseases
[4]
which leads
to lowered productivity, economic losses, mortality and morbidity
[5, 6]
.
Adequate attention therefore, must be paid to these factors as only healthy animals can
produce to optimum level. Helminthes infestations are ubiquitous and remain a constraint to
efficient raising of cattle on pastures
[7]
. Activities of parasite, both ecto and endoparasites have
been recognized as major factors which militate against cattle production in the tropics
[8, 9]
.
These parasites cause large economic losses in variety of ways: they cause losses through
lower fertility, reduction in work capacity, involuntary culling, a reduction in food intake and
lower weight gain, lower milk production, treatment cost, and mortality in heavily parasitized
animals
[10, 11, 12]
.
Among all the gastrointestinal infestation, helminths of livestock have a worldwide
distribution and even zoonotic importance
[13]
. It is considered a major constraint on
productivity. It is reported that the effect of these worms on cattle are varied, the adult are
relatively less troubled while calves and yearling can be adversely affected and to a very high
degree in the first year of grazing, causing anemia, inflammation of the abomasum, diarrhea,
unthriftiness and general debility, thus lowering productivity
[14]
The occurrence of
gastrointestinal parasitism has been known to affect the growth rate in cattle. Even though
growth rate depends on nutrition and the efficiency of conversion; nonetheless the effect of
gastrointestinal parasite is the depression of the digestive efficiency arising from impairing
absorption through inflamed intestinal infestation
[15, 16]
. More recently, it has been shown that
adequately fed animal infested with lower number of intestinal parasite, may still be growing
below their potential even though the other feature of unthriftiness, listlessness, weakness,
diarrhea are absent. Growth inhibition due to parasite is an outcome of several factors
including inappetance and Malabsorption from intestine
[17, 18]
.
This study was done to determine the prevalence of helminthes of Cattle in Anyigba and this
will add to the already existing database of Helminthosis in cattle in Kogi state.