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Copyright © 2014 Author Names and Contact Details
Ahmet Mahli, Demet Coskun
Gazi University Faculty of Medicine
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ankara, Turkey
Introduction
Thoracotomy is among surgical procedures considered
to be highly associated with severe postoperative pain.
Postoperative pain can lead to severe respiratory
problems including hypoxia, atelectasis and pulmonary
infections. Such problems may cause alarming situations
and result in respiratory failure. Hence, pain management
bears vital importance in order to minimize the rates of
morbidity and mortality in patients who have undergone
thoracotomy.
Neurolytic blocks could be employed for prolonged pain
relief. They could also help in eliminating many usual
opioid-related adverse effects. In this study, we would like
to present the neurolysis procedure we performed
selectively on 3 different spots on the nerve using
multiple injection technique to treat a patient with pain at
3 different spots along the intercostal nerve trace. In the
literature search we performed, we did not find any
examples for selective neurolysis procedure performed
using multiple injection technique on the same nerve in
the same session.
Cases Report
A male patient aged 53 was diagnosed with
mesothelioma and operated on for tumor resection. On
the 6
th
postoperative day, the patient still suffered from
thoracotomy pain and was discharged with the
recommendation to continue analgesics treatment.
However, 15 days later, the patient was admitted to the
algology clinic with severe pain that could not be eased
with analgesics and preventing his breathing. During the
physical examination of the patient, severe pain at 3
different spots was observed in the site where
thoracotomy incision was made in the lateral region of the
chest on the 4
th
intercostal dermatoma. This made us
think of some damage in the lateral cutaneous branch of
the intercostal nerve. Thus, we decided to perform
percutaneous neurolysis on the 3 painful spots. On a
fluoroscopy-compatible operating table, the patient was
positioned in the lateral decubitis position and standard
monitorization was performed.
After aseptic preparation and draping, prior to
neurolysis, 1% lidocaine was administered on the 3 spots
with pain at an amount of 1 cc each for diagnostic
reasons. It was observed that the patient’s pain
disappeared. The needles were kept in place and 0.5 cc
radiopaque on each spot was administered. That the
needles were on the right spots was observed. Then,
neurolysis was performed with the administration of 50%
alcohol of 1 cc on each spot (figure). Following the
procedure, the patient stated that his pain disappeared
completely. The patient was followed up for 3 months,
which were free of pain.
Multiple Injection Method for Intercostal Nerve Neurolysis
Discussion
It is of great importance to control and treat pain
effectively following thoracotomy, one of the most painful
surgical procedures. Thus, pulmonary complications,
delayed mobilization, late discharge and chronic pain can
be avoided.
In our case, to treat a patient with pain on 3 different
spots on the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal
nerve, we performed neurolysis selectively on these 3
different spots on the nerve using multiple injection
method instead of posterior paravertebral neurolysis with
a single injection on the intercostal nerve.
Conclusion
We are of the opinion that in such cases, multiple
injection is a better choice when compared to posterior
paravertebral neurolysis as it does not give way to the
complications that may be involved in the latter, and it
prevents the pain from becoming chronic in later stages.
References
- Mahli A et al, Spine 2002; 27: 478-481
- Wong FCS et al, Hong Kong Med J; 2007; 13: 266-270
- Chambers WA, Br J Anaesth 2008; 101: 95-100
- Kim Ho B et al, Korean J Pain 2015; 28: 148-152
- Matchett G, J Pain and Pall Care Pharmacotherapy
DOI: 2016; 10.3109/15360288.2016.1167804