Rheol Acta (2009) 48:527–541
DOI 10.1007/s00397-009-0349-9
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Stress relaxation behavior of PMMA/PS polymer blends
Márcio Yee · Adriana M. C. Souza ·
Ticiane S. Valera · Nicole R. Demarquette
Received: 28 August 2008 / Accepted: 3 February 2009 / Published online: 18 March 2009
© Springer-Verlag 2009
Abstract In this work, the stress relaxation behavior of
PMMA/PS blends, with or without random copolymer
addition, submitted to step shear strain experiments
in the linear and nonlinear regime was studied. The
effect of blend composition (ranging from 10 to 30 wt.%
of dispersed phase), viscosity ratio (ranging from 0.1
to 7.5), and random copolymer addition (for concen-
trations up to 8 wt.% with respect to the dispersed
phase) was evaluated and correlated to the evolution
of the morphology of the blends. All blends presented
three relaxation stages: a first fast relaxation which was
attributed to the relaxation of the pure phases, a sec-
ond one which was characterized by the presence of a
plateau, and a third fast one. The relaxation was shown
to be faster for less extended and smaller droplets
and to be influenced by coalescence for blends with
a dispersed phase concentration larger than 20 wt.%.
The relaxation of the blend was strongly influenced by
the matrix viscosity. The addition of random copolymer
resulted in a slower relaxation of the droplets.
Keywords Rheological behavior · Step shear ·
PMMA/PS blends · Random copolymer ·
Compatibilization · Morphology evolution
M. Yee · A. M. C. Souza · T. S. Valera ·
N. R. Demarquette (B )
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department,
Escola Politécnica—University of São Paulo,
Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2463, CEP 05508-900,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
e-mail: nick@usp.br
Introduction
Due to their useful properties, polymer blends have
many applications in different industries such as auto-
motive, packaging, and aerospace. Their properties de-
pend strongly on their morphology that can be tailored
and controlled during processing. During processing,
the blend suffers high shear and elongational flows and
its dispersed phase is broken into small droplets or
sheets (Migler et al. 1999). Rheology can be an inter-
esting tool to quantify the evolution of morphology
of blends during flow. In particular, stress relaxation
experiments (Yamane et al. 1998; Okamoto et al. 1999;
Iza and Bousmina 2000; Hayashi et al. 2001a, b; Van
Puyvelde et al. 2002; Jansseune et al. 2003; Almusallam
et al. 2003, Ansari et al. 2006; Macaúbas et al. 2007;
Mechbal and Bousmina 2007) can bring a substantial
amount of information regarding the evolution of mor-
phology after flow. If conducted in the linear viscoelas-
tic regime, these experiments can be used to infer the
interfacial tension between the components of the
blends or characterize the morphology of the blends
similarly to small-amplitude oscillatory shear exper-
iments (Palierne 1990; Gramespacher and Meissner
1992). If conducted in the nonlinear viscoelastic regime,
these experiments can be a nice tool to understand the
relaxation of deformed droplets (Martin and Velankar
2007; Wang and Velankar 2006a, b).
Therefore, several studies have already been con-
ducted in order to understand the evolution of mor-
phology during step strain experiments. One of the
pioneer works, conducted by the group of Takahashi at
Kyoto University, consisted of the observation of the
evolution of a single droplet when submitted to step
shear of different amplitudes (Yamane et al. 1998). The