~ 9 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research 2020; 7(3): 09-18 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2020; 7(3): 09-18 www.dipterajournal.com © 2020 IJMR Received: 04-03-2020 Accepted: 06-04-2020 Mostafa M Mahgoub Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, PY, 43125, Italy Maria Eugenia Colucci Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, PY, 43125, Italy Anna Odone School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy Corresponding Author: Mostafa M Mahgoub Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, PY, 43125, Italy An updated checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culcidae) of Sudan: Taxonomy, vectorial importance and pictorial keys Mostafa M Mahgoub, Maria Eugenia Colucci and Anna Odone Abstract Among the two study sites, a total of 5847 mosquito larvae were sampled, of which 44.75% (n= 2617) were Culex (Cx.), belonging to this species Cx. antennatus (42%) Cx. quinquefasciatus (25%) Cx. simpsoni (14%) Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (8%) Cx. theileri (5%) Cx. musarum (4%) and Cx. pipiens (2%)) and 44.46% (n= 2600) Anopheles (An.) belong to six species which were An. arabiensis (38%) An. funestus (27%), An. rufipes (24%), An. phronesis (9%), An. nili (0.5%), and An. dattali (0.5%). However, all the Aedes (Ae.) larvae 5.26% (n= 308) collected were found to be A. aegypti. This is my first-time reporting An. funestus in central Sudan. Its percentage observed among the anopheline species reported showed a great successful in its adaptation to new environmental setting of central Sudan; an observation showed new obstacle for malaria vector control in the country. Similarly, Ae. aegypti is now an important mosquito vector in the country and its role in the recent outbreaks of dengue fever and rivet valley fever call for an urgent investigation. Keywords: Anopheles, Culicine, Aedes, Sudan 1. Introduction In Sudan, about 106 species identified belong to Culicidae. These species represent about one third of Ethiopian region and are belonging to the three subfamilies Toxorhynchitina, Anophelinae and Culicinae [1] . In Africa there are about 10 anopheline species responsible for malaria transmission [2] . Mosquitoes within the An. gambiae complex, mainly An. gambiae (senso lato), addition to An. funestus are the most important vectors of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa [3, 4, 2] . Further, An. gambiae s. l. and An. melas are also the major vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) which is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in West Africa [5] . However, numerous studies confirm the An. arabiensis dominant anopheline species in Sudan and consider is main malaria vector and second potential vector for malaria is An. funestus which report in central Sudan. The great diversity of mosquitoes was observed in the southern part of Sudan compared to the north due to climatic variation, where the northern part of the country is arid desert, while the tropical in the southern parts [6-11] . The cultivate is microhabitats for malaria vectors and common in an irrigated channel with high vegetation density. The obvious variation in the density of mosquitoes during different weathers seasons and highest density in rainy followed by cool dry and then hot dry season. In the equatorial setting, this species was usually found peaked at the end of the rains and beginning of the dry season (Kelly-Hope et al, 2009). [12] . Gezira state is one of central Sudan States, located (14.8860° N, 33.4384° E) along Blue Nile banks, and includes the Gezira irrigation scheme that forms the state just like a large permanent mosquito breeding site of mosquitoes [7] . The recent outbreaks of rift valley fever (2003, 2007, 2010 and 2019) [13, 14] and yellow fever (2005) [15] , which may correlate with environmental factors, are probably emerging as the result of the present of competitive mosquito vectors. The earlier survey for identifying mosquito species has been done by Lewis et al, (1956) [16] . This survey showed Anopheles nili (Theobald), An. pharoensis and only An. arabiensis form An. gambiae complex members have been confirmed in northern, eastern and central Sudan