EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY VOL. 15/1-2014 72 M. D’Attilio, D. Rodolfino, A. Filippakos, M. Saccucci*, F. Festa, D. Tripodi Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio, University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science Sapienza University of Rome e-mail: tripodi@unich.it ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the use of Second Class Resolver (SCR©), a new fixed orthopaedic appliance, for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion in growing subjects. Subjects and Method Design Retrospective analysis. Forty subjects were treated with Second Class Resolver (SCR©). The mean age was 8 years at the beginning of treatment and 10 years at the end of treatment. Digital cephalometric superimpositions on lateral radiographs taken at start and end of treatment were assessed. The cephalometric values were statistically analysed. Results Cephalometric analysis of changes during treatment shows reduction of ANB angle (mean 2°); reduction of Witts Index (mean 3 mm); reduction of Maxillo-Mandibular angle (MM) (mean 1°); reduction of SNA (angle mean 3°); reduction of gonial angle (mean 1.8°); increase of the mandibular branch length (mean 5 mm); increase of mandibular body (mean 2.9°). Conclusion The Second Class Resolver© can be beneficially used for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Second Class Resolver: a retrospective analysis Introduction The developmental skeletal Class II malocclusion is one of the most challenging problems confronting orthodontic practitioners. In a growing patient, an optimal aesthetic result would ideally be obtained by using an orthopaedic Keywords Fixed rigid orthodontic appliances; Functional orthodontics; Orthopaedic appliances; Second Class Resolver (SCR © ). appliance to accelerate the development of the mandible by acceleration of growth at the condyles and bone apposition in the condylar fossae. This orthopaedic phase is generally followed by a separate stage of fxed appliance therapy to align teeth and establish optimal occlusion [Bass, 2006]. A large number of removable and fxed orthopaedic appliances are available for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion in adolescents and young adults. Removable orthodontic appliances, heavily dependent on patient compliance, are mostly indicated in mixed and early adult dentition at the time of the pubertal growth spurt [Sander, 1998; Vardimon et al., 1990]. On the other hand, fxed appliances, rigid and semi-elastic, are permanently effective. The semi-elastic bimaxillary fxed appliances are capable of achieving mainly a dentoalveolar correction. In contrast, rigid appliances have proven useful in achieving a more extensive skeletal effect, mainly due to the adaptive osseous remodelling processes in the temporomandibular joint related to the therapeutic repositioning of the mandible [Cash, 1991; Crismani, 1998; Crismani, 1999; Weiland and Bantleon, 1995]. In literature, the cephalometric fndings after treatment of Class II malocclusion with orthopaedic appliances (Herbst, activator, Frankel II, high-pull headgear) indicate: increase in mandibular length and in lower facial height, retroinclination of upper incisors and proinclination of lower incisors, correction of facial convexity, increase in lower anteroposterior and lower vertical soft tissue dimensions [Cozza et al., 2004; Marşan, 2007; McNamara et al., 1990; Nedeljković et al., 2010]. Analysis of a case series is used to investigate the effcacy of the Second Class Resolver (SCR © ) for non- compliance sagittal mandible repositioning in growing subjects, devised to minimise the side effects of the Class II malocclusion treatment with orthopaedic appliances. Materials and methods Forty subjects (enrolled at the dental clinic of the University of Chieti), mean age 8 years at the beginning of treatment and 10 years at the end of treatment, with a Class II malocclusion were included in this series. The Second Class Resolver (SCR © ) (Fig. 1) (Dental Word, Molfetta BA, Italy) was applied for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. The mean time of treatment was 6 months. Standardised lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate all morphological and structural changes. Cephalometric variations were carried out through Enlow and Steiner analyses, with relative initial and fnal superimpositions. Results Cephalometric values were statistically analysed before