ORIGINAL RESEARCH—PEYRONIE’S DISEASE Penile Duplex Ultrasonography in Men with Peyronie’s Disease: Is it Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction or Poor Cavernosal Arterial Inflow that Contributes to Erectile Dysfunction? Eric Chung, MD, FRACS,* Ling De Young, MD, MS, † and Gerald B. Brock, MD, FACS † *Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; † Division of Urology, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02501.x ABSTRACT Introduction. At least 20% of men with Peyronie’s disease (PD) suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED). The fundamental mechanism is thought to arise from the progression of penile fibrosis, which was initially limited to the PD plaque within the tunica albuginea. However, recent studies have highlighted the possibility of fibrosis of the cavernosal vessel media wall leading to impairment of arterial inflow. Aim. To evaluate the penile duplex ultrasonographic findings in PD of impotent men and to determine whether early features of PD might predict clinical progression. Main Outcome Measures. Patient demographic, comorbidities, International Index of Erectile Function-5 scores, surgical intervention, and physical findings were documented. Penile curvature, plaque size, and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) on color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) were recorded. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of all men presenting with penile curvature and length loss who underwent penile CDU between January 2001 and January 2010. Results. A total of 1,120 men underwent penile CDU during the 10-year period. Complete information was obtained in 810 men; 250 men complained of decreased penile rigidity, while 150 men were unable to sustain erection. Comorbidities were similar between men with PD with and without ED. Tunical thickening (65%) was the most common CDU feature, and mean cumulative calcifications was 24.2 mm 2 (1–360 mm 2 , standard deviation 76). The PSV and EDV on the right cavernosal artery were 14.2 cm/second and 3.5 cm/second, while the left cavernosal artery measurements were 15.1 cm/second and 3.2 cm/second. Multivariate logistic regression model showed strong correlation between plaque size and development of ED. Both veno-occlusive dysfunction and impaired cavernosal arterial inflow were associated with ED. Conclusions. Veno-occlusive dysfunction and impaired cavernosal arterial inflow contributed to the development of ED, and larger plaque size is a strong predictor of surgical intervention. Chung E, De Young L, and Brock GB. Penile duplex ultrasonography in men with Peyronie’s disease: Is it veno-occlusive dysfunction or poor cavernosal arterial inflow that contributes to erectile dysfunction? J Sex Med 2011;8:3446–3451. Key Words. Duplex Ultrasonography; Peyronie’s Disease; Erectile Dysfunction; Corporal Veno-Occlusive Dys- function; Cavernosal Arterial Insufficiency Introduction P eyronie’s disease (PD) is a localized inflamma- tory process within the bilaminar tunica albuginea layers and is associated with penile pain, curvature and/or deformity, and, ultimately, sexual dysfunction [1]. Although PD was first described more than 250 years ago, very little is known about the exact molecular and cellular pathophysiology of this condition [2]. Recent epidemiological Source of funding: None. 3446 J Sex Med 2011;8:3446–3451 © 2011 International Society for Sexual Medicine