60 ISSN 0022-9040. Кардиология. 2021;61(4). DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1497 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ § Nadereh Naderi 1,2 *, Narges Farshidi 1 *, Hossein Farshidi 3 , Hossein Montazerghaem 3 , Mahsa Rahimzadeh 4 1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 3 Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran * Authors contributed equally to this manuscript Lack of association between serum IL-25 levels and acute coronary syndrome: a preliminary study Purpose Here, for the first time, the possible association between IL-25 and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Iranian patients was investigated. Material and methods In this study, serum IL-25 concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 88 ACS patients, 40 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, and 50 healthy control subjects. Results No significant differences in IL-25 concentrations were observed between SAP (340±168 ng / l), ACS (330±151 ng / l), and control (302±135 ng / l) groups (p=0.5), nor was there a difference among patients with 1, 2, or 3 vessel disease in the SAP and ACS groups. Linear regression analyses revealed that IL-25 was not correlated with coronary artery disease risk factors. Biochemical and demographic variables did not differ significantly among IL-25 quartiles. Conclusion Despite previous murine and human studies showing a protective role of IL-25 in atherosclerosis, our results revealed that IL-25 does not have potential implications for atherosclerosis development and management in humans. Keywords Acute coronary syndrome; acute myocardial infarction; IL-25; stable angina pectoris; unstable angina pectoris For citation Nadereh Naderi, Narges Farshidi, Hossein Farshidi, Hossein Montazerghaem, Mahsa Rahimzadeh. Lack of association between serum IL-25 levels and acute coronary syndrome: a preliminary study. Kardiologiia. 2021;61(4):60–65. [Russian: Надерен Надера, Наргес Фаршиди, Хоссейн Фаршиди, Хоссейн Монтазергхем, Манса Рахимзаден. Отсутствие связи между уровнем интерлейки- на-25 в сыворотке крови и острым коронарным синдромом: предварительное исследование. Кардиология. 2021;61(4):60–65] Corresponding author Rahimzadeh Mahsa. Email: rahimzadeh91@gmail.com Introduction Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is regarded as a chronic infammatory disease of the arterial wall [1, 2]. New advances in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided evidence for a complex interaction between innate, adaptive immune cells and cytokines. Several recent studies on atherosclerosis revealed that cytokines act as a double-edged sword, which can either exacerbate the disease or protect against its development. T helper (T) 1 and T17-related cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-17 A, exert pro-atherogenic activity. T 2 and regulatory T cell-related cytokines, including interleukin-5 and transforming growth factor-β, have anti-atherogenic efects [3]. Recently, the cytokine interleukin-25 (IL-25) has been implicated in protection against atherosclerosis [4]. IL-25 belongs to the IL-17 cytokine family, produced by many cell types including T cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), dendritic cells and macrophages [5]. Te role of the IL-17 family in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been reported previously [6, 7]. Zhang et al. proved that IL-17A could dramatically enhance platelet activation and aggregation in ACS patients through the ERK2 signaling pathway, and it may provide a novel target for reducing the formation of atherothrombosis in coronary heart disease [8]. Interleukin-25 (IL-25), unlike other members of its family, promotes T 2 [9], T9 [10] and ILC2s responses [11] and plays a critical role in the development of allergy and asthma [12]. IL-25 negatively regulates the development of T17-mediated autoimmune diseases [13]. It has been implicated in the protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis [14], infammatory bowel disease [15], experimental colitis [16], autoimmune diabetes [17], and atherosclerosis [4]. Anti-atherogenic efects of IL-25 has recently been described in murine models. Mantani et al. showed that IL-25 treatment of apoE-defcient mice (Apoe- / -) inhibits development of atherosclerosis. Tey also evaluated the efects of complete IL-25 defciency on atherosclerosis