Research Article
Fault Size Estimation of Bearings Using Multiple Decomposition
Techniques with Artificial Neural Network
Suchi Mishra ,
1
Rahul Dubey,
2
Preety D. Swami,
3
and Alok Jain
1
1
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SATI, Vidisha, India
2
Department of Electronics Engineering, MITS, Gwalior, India
3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, UIT RGPV, Bhopal, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Suchi Mishra; mishrasuchi08@gmail.com
Received 14 April 2022; Revised 16 May 2022; Accepted 30 May 2022; Published 17 June 2022
Academic Editor: Punit Gupta
Copyright © 2022 Suchi Mishra et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A running machine generates multi-frequency vibration signals which can be captured by accelerometers. Empirical mode
decomposition, wavelet decomposition, and wavelet packet decomposition are the commonly used methods to decompose the
multi-frequency signal. Quick fault classification, accurate signal decomposition, and fault size detection are still a problem in
machines with rotary components. In the proposed work, fault diameter in rotary part of machine is detected and classified using
the machine learning methods. In the first stage, we have employed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for high-frequency
noise removal. Residue signal is obtained by removing first IMF from base signal considering first IMF as a high-frequency noisy
signal, followed by wavelet decomposition. Entropy of the wavelet coefficient obtained from 3
rd
level decomposition of residue
signal is calculated which acts as an input parameter to the machine learning techniques to determine the diameter for fault. ree
different sets have been taken for inner race, outer race, and ball race correspondingly. e proposed method classifies and detects
the fault diameter up to 99.5%. e proposed method can be used for different types of continuous as well as discrete wavelets.
1. Introduction
e main objective of maintenance department in industries
is to keep machineries running. Machine failure makes
unwanted downtime across the industries with high
maintenance cost. Rolling bearing is considered as a vital
component of rotating machines. Several kinds of faults exist
in bearings. e faults in the bearing decrease the accuracy
and performance of the machine.
Bearing fault detection is done using various signal
processing techniques. Various available methods to analyse
the bearing fault signals are categorized in time-frequency
domain [1, 2], time domain [3–5], and frequency domain
[6–9]. Image processing techniques have also been explored
in works for diagnosis and detection of bearing fault [10, 11].
e use of vibration signal in the analysis of bearing
faults is also reported in the literature. ese vibration
signals are recorded using accelerometer which may have
noisy background. Kurtosis analysis is also one of the
methods applied for the early-stage detection of faults in
bearing. In earlier research studies, it is already proved that
for kurtosis value more than three, faults are present in the
vibration signal [12].
Wavelet transform (WT) is applicable for investigation
of non-stationary signals. Wavelet transform is used for the
decomposition of signal into approximation and detailed
coefficient. Application of wavelet transforms in the de-
tection of bearing faults is also reported by Kumar Jha and
Swami [13].
Various statistical parameters extracted from the wavelet
coefficients of vibration signals are utilized for different
wavelet functions for fault detection [14].
Parey et al applied the combination of artificial Intelli-
gence methods with maximum energy to Shannon entropy
extracted from wavelet coefficients for the ball bearing fault
classification [15].
WT has been extensively used in signal denoising. In
[16], Ali Alnuaim et al suggested a procedure for rolling
Hindawi
Scientific Programming
Volume 2022, Article ID 3428715, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3428715