VOL. 10, NO. 23, DECEMBER 2015 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
17705
REGRESSION ANALYSIS ON E-ASSESSMENT ACCEPTANCE BY
LECTURERS FROM SECURITY PERSPECTIVE
Kavitha Thamadharan, Nurazean Maarop, Ganthan Narayana Samy, Rasimah Che Mohd Yusoff, Rosmah Ali,
Yazriwati Yahya and Roslina Ibrahim
Advanced Informatics School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
E-Mail: nurazean.kl@utm.my
ABSTRACT
The role of technology in education system has enriched the teaching and learning process, be it from preschool to
higher universities education. The development of online education systems such as e-learning and e-assessment provide
many advantages to the users especially the flexibility in teaching and learning. The online education system has the
capability to improve the quality of delivery education. However, security risks have been the major weakness in the
acceptance of technology in education field which limits the user acceptance of the online education system. Even though
there are other studies providing solutions for identified security threats in online education usage, there is no particular
model which addresses the factors that influences the acceptance of e-assessment system by lecturers from security
perspective. The aim of this study is to explore security aspects of e-assessment in regard to the acceptance of technology
by lecturers. A conceptual model of secure acceptance of e-assessment is proposed considering both human and perceived
security aspects. The data for this study was collected through online survey and paper-based survey. The conceptual
model is analyzed using multiple regressions to identify the predictive power between dependent variable and independent
variable. The final result of this study demonstrates how security factors influence lecturers’ attitudes towards the
acceptance of e-assessment from security perspective with a strong significant contribution to the e-assessment acceptance
by lecturers. This study will be useful in providing more insightful understanding regarding the factors that influence the
lecturers’ acceptance of e-assessment system from security perspective.
Keywords: technology acceptance, education technology, regression analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Technology had made a lot of changes in human
lives and helped us to improve our life style in many ways.
The role of technology in education system has enriched
the teaching and learning process, be it from preschool to
higher university education. The ways of learning has
changed from traditional classroom setting to online
learning [1]. The entry of ICT into educational field
provides a valuable chance for performing some
modifications and innovations which promotes in
efficiency and more effects on education system. The role
of technology in education promotes effective teaching
and learning and it contributes to two main field which are
learning and assessment in education [2]. There are many
security issues associated to e-assessment system. Yao and
Ji [3] describe that online learning system developed
mostly focuses on the quality of the education compare to
the system security. Security elements in online learning
system is important as when it comes to certify the
students with certifications on the course, it is important to
ensure the right students are certified for the course [4-5].
There are many factors need to be taken into consideration
when designing e-assessment system especially from
security perspective on how users will be able to accept
the system as security factors are important in promoting
user acceptance. This study firstly finds out the factors that
affects lecturers’ acceptance of e-assessment in Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and to propose and evaluate
the conceptual model of secure acceptance of e-
assessment.
LITERATURE REVIEW
E-assessment
E-assessment as computer assisted testing (CAT),
computer-based testing (CBT), e-exam, computerized
testing and computer-administered testing which has
grown rapidly ranging from all sectors which includes
academic to professional circles [5]. According to Gusev
et al. [6], e-assessment is a process of evaluating the
student skills and knowledge by using Information
Communication Technology (ICT) tools. This explains
that e-assessment is the use of ICT tools to facilitate
testing and evaluation of learning of the learners and then
to grade the learners accordingly. E-assessment is also
used for the recording purpose of the grading evaluation.
Prakash and Saini [7] defines e-assessment as the end-to-
end electronic assessment processes where ICT is used for
the presentation of assessment activities and the recording
of responses.
The use of e-assessment benefits the higher
education in many ways. It helps to increase in number of
assessments that encourage students to learn and
participate more and helps teachers to develop different
ways of assessment methods to assess the students [8].
Security in E-assessment
Computer security is the process of preventing
and detecting the unauthorized actions by users of a
computer system [9]. In previous studies, it was proven