© Kamla-Raj 2014 J Hum Ecol, 45(2): 167-175 (2014)
Students’ and Teachers’ Awareness of and Attitude towards
Environmental Pollution: A Multivariate Analysis Using
Biographical Variables
Olufemi C. Adejoke, Andile Mji and Murembiwa S. Mukhola
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
KEYWORDS Environmental Awareness. Environmental attitude. Pollution. Coal Mining
ABSTRACT The purpose was through a multivariate analysis, to examine students’ and teachers’ environmental
Awareness and Attitude in relation to selected biographical data. Participants were Grade 8 to Grade 12 students
with ages ranging between 13 years and 23 years (M = 16.5 years, SD = 1.8) as well as their teachers with ages
ranging between 23 and 57 (M = 40.6 years, SD = 9.8). All were from schools within a precinct of coal mines and
electricity generating power stations; this being industry that characteristically releases large amounts of carbon
dioxide into the air. The basis of this investigation was the researchers’ argument that it is important for students
in their teenage years to know and be aware of environmental matters because they will grow to be conscious and
responsible adults who will take care of their environment. The researchers therefore determined the participants’
biographical factors that had an effect on environmental Awareness and Attitude. An Awareness and Attitude scale
comprising 24 - items on a 5 point Likert type format was administered to students and teachers in the first quarter
of 2012. Among students, no gender effects were found however, significant effects with respect to age and
Attitude, as well as grade level and Awareness were established. For teachers, on the other hand, no significant
effects were established for all the biographical variables tested. More pleasing was that teachers had higher scores
with respect to environmental Awareness and Attitude compared with their students. The researchers argue that
these findings are important because it is the teachers who will hopefully pass the proverbial baton to their
students, for them to embrace environmental issues in the air polluted area whence they reside.
Address for correspondence:
Dr. A. Mji
Tshwane University of Technology,
P/Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Telephone: +27 12 382 9932.
Fax: +27 865 600 315.
E-mail: mjia@tut.ac.za
INTRODUCTION
The 21
st
century has seen major develop-
ments in terms of industrialisation throughout
the world. A resultant effect of this has been the
movement of communities from rural areas to
urban centres. The influx and concentration of
people in certain parts of the world has meant
that increased amounts of resources are con-
sumed. Also, this influx has brought strain that
has impacted negatively on the environment.
For instance, all over the world fossil fuels such
as coal and crude oil are still the main sources of
energy. These movements of large numbers of
people have impacted negatively on the envi-
ronment. For instance, the demand for fossil fu-
els has meant that the world is producing un-
sustainable levels of carbon emissions that are
affecting the environment. The negative impact
on the environment has resulted in concerns
about climate change due to gaseous emissions
as well as the effect pollution will have on water.
Regarding the former, it is indicated that signifi-
cant climate change may be expected due to the
increase in the atmospheric concentration of
carbon dioxide (Houghton et al. 1996). In respect
of the latter meanwhile, water pollution is re-
portedly the second most affected environmen-
tal issue after air pollution (Gambhir et al. 2012)
Global warming and climate change issues
have necessitated that leaders of major nations
in the world take action that would address these
problems. Globally, the United Nations through
the Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) has
hosted a number of conferences aimed at ad-
dressing these issues. For instance, in Decem-
ber 1997 the Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Ja-
pan with the detailed rules for its implementa-
tion adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh in 2001 (UN-
FCCC 1997). The process continued to Cancun
in Mexico where it is reported “… far-reaching
international response to climate change the
world had ever seen to reduce carbon emissions
and build a system which made all countries ac-
countable to each other for those reductions”
were reached (UNFCCC 2010). In December 2011
the United Nations Climate Change Conference