440 1558 Board #233 June 1 8:00 AM - 9:30 AM Effects Of Short-term Ketogenic Dieting Or Ketone Salt Supplementation Lipogenic Gene Expression Adipose Tissue Wesley C. Kephart 1 , Petey W. Mumford 1 , Drew Solorzano 1 , Shelby C. Osburn 1 , Romil K. Patel 1 , Richard G. Anderson 1 , James Healy 2 , Angelique Moore 2 , Jeffrey S. Martin 2 , Kaelin C. Young 2 , Ryan P. Lowery 3 , Jacob M. Wilson 3 , Michael D. Roberts 1 . 1 Auburn University, Auburn, AL. 2 Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine – Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL. 3 Applied Sports Performance Institute, Tampa, FL. Email: wck0007@auburn.edu (No relationships reported) PURPOSE: We sought to examine if one week of ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone salt supplementation (KS) feeding versus standard chow (SC) feeding affected the mRNA signature related to de novo lipogenesis in subcutaneous and visceral (mesenteric) adipose tissue. METHODS: Male Fisher rats (4 mo old) were provided isocaloric amounts of KD (5.2 kcal/g, 23.1% protein, 9.6% carbohydrate, and 65.3% fat, n=10) or SC (3.1 kcal/g, 24% protein, 58% carbohydrate, 18% fat; n=30) for 7 days. The SC rats were split into sub-groups whereby one group was provided a moderate amount of KS in their drinking water (SC+MKS ~1.2g/day, n=10), one group was provided a high amount of KS in their drinking water (SC+HKS ~2.4g/day, n=10), and one group was un-supplemented (SC, n=10). RESULTS: The KD group lost the greatest mass (p<0.01). Feed efficiency revealed a group effect (p<0.01) with the lowest values observed in KD. A group effect was also observed for mesenteric (MES) fat (p=0.05). Subcutaneous (SQ) fat mass was not different between groups (p=0.07). In the MES fat pad FASN mRNA was down regulated in KD and both KS groups (p=0.001). HSL and CEBPα mRNAs were not differentially expressed (p=0.16 and p=0.51, respectively). ACCα was down-regulated in KD and KS groups (p=0.001). Regarding the SQ fat pad, only FASN mRNA was found to be differentially expressed (down-regulated in the KD and KS groups; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The KD appears to offer an acute benefit to body mass loss, predominantly acting on visceral fat depots. 1559 Board #234 June 1 8:00 AM - 9:30 AM Introduction Of A High-fat/sucrose Diet Modulates Voluntary Wheel Running Activity In Adult Female Rats Jon-Philippe K. Hyatt 1 , Lindsay Caprio 2 , Elisa J. Bienenstock 1 , Jung A. Kim 3 , Gary E. McCall, FACSM 3 . 1 Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ. 2 Georgetown University, Washington, DC. 3 University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA. (Sponsor: Gary. E. McCall, FACSM) Email: jphyatt@asu.edu (No relationships reported) Food intake and spontaneous physical activity have been attributed to a common hypothalamic pathway although the specific mechanisms involved in this relationship, and how it is influenced, have yet to be elucidated. PURPOSE: To determine how alternating low- and high-fat/sucrose diets affect voluntary wheel running in rats and its relationship with food/energy consumption. METHODS: An interrupted time series model was used to examine voluntary running and ad libitum food consumption characteristics over a 9-week period in adult female (~40 days old; ~120-140 g) Sprague Dawley rats (n=8/group). Low- (L; 4%)- or high- (H; 25%) fat/sucrose diets were provided in 3-week intervals: LLL and HHH control groups received only low- or high-fat/sucrose diets, respectively, whereas alternating diet groups (HLH and LHL) were switched every 3 weeks. Resistance-free running wheels recorded distances automatically and food consumption was measured manually daily; body mass was recorded every two weeks. RESULTS: Each diet group increased mean running distance (meters/day) that peaked at Week 3 followed by a gradual decrease in activity through Week 9. Compared to other groups, LLL rats maintained a higher percentage of peak activity between Weeks 4-8. Daily distances were highly variable (range: 633 – 40,079 m/day) depending on the specific rat and day. Although daily food consumption ranged from 42-69 kcal / day, no relationship existed between daily running distances and absolute (grams) or relative (kcals) food consumption for the LHL, HLH, or HHH groups (R 2 range: 0.0006 – 0.15); a significant correlation existed between these variables in LLL rats (R 2 : 0.58; p<0.05). Body mass increased from 61-80% from starting values and final body masses were similar in all groups (range: 225-240 g; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adult female rats demonstrate a high propensity for voluntary physical activity in the first three weeks of wheel access followed by a natural tapering in activity, perhaps associated with age. Consumption of a diet high in fat and sucrose, regardless of when it was introduced during the 9-week protocol, blunted activity from peak values compared to rats that consumed a low fat-only diet (LLL), suggesting that diet composition, rather than intake alone, impacts spontaneous physical activity. 1560 Board #235 June 1 8:00 AM - 9:30 AM Effects of High-Fat Diet and Exercise on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated Apoptosis in Rat Liver Junhan Li, Quansheng Su. Chengdu Sport University, chengdu, China. (No relationships reported) PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 16 weeks of high-fat diet feeding and swimming exercise on liver steatosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (each n=10): a control group (C), a high-fat diet group (D) and a high-fat diet plus exercise group (DE). Rats in the C group were fed with standard diet, and those in the D and DE groups were fed with high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Rats in the DE group were exercised in a swimming pool for 60 min/day, 6 days/week for 16 weeks. Liver pathological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatocyte apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays. Western blots were used to measure expression levels of proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis, including the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), the c-Jun n-terminal kinase (JNK) and the caspase-12 gene. The ABC Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the positive expression rates of CHOP, JNK, caspase-12. One-way ANOVAs were used for data analysis. RESULTS: all rats in the D group obtained NAFLD (C group: 0% vs. D group: 100%). the DE group had a lower incidence of NAFLD (DE group: 20% vs D group: 100%.).Compared to the C group, the D group had a higher number of liver lipid droplets (0.483±0.068 vs 0.185±0.041, P<0.01)and a higher liver cell apoptosis index (1.110±0.250 vs 0.350±0.160,P<0.05) and significantly higher expression levels of chop(2.465±0.312 vs 0.858±0.079,P<0.01), caspase12(1.430± 0.136 vs 0.372± 0.064, P<0.01), and JNK(1.361± 0.114 vs 0.358± 0.048, P<0.01) in liver cell. Compared to the D group, the DE group had a lower number of liver lipid droplets(0.306±0.059, P<0.01) and a significantly lower liver cell apoptosis index (0.860±0.270,P<0.05) and significantly lower expression levels of chop (1.110±0.116,P<0.01), caspase12(0.609±0.052, P<0.01), and JNK(0.645± 0.087, P<0.01)in liver cell. CONCLUSIONS: Sixteen weeks of high-fat diet feeding caused NAFLD in all rats. Exercise training could improve symptoms related to NAFLD, possibly by lowering the protein expression levels of CHOP, JNK and Caspase12, and reducing liver cell apoptosis. Copyright © 2017 by the American College of Sports Medicine. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.