517 ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 23: 517–527, 2012 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society THE BREEDING OF THE HENNA-HOODED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (HYLOCRYPTUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS), WITH NOTES ON CONSERVATION CONCERNS Eliot T. Miller 1,2, , Harold F. Greeney 2 , Isaac Lichter-Marck 2 , Eli Lichter-Marck 2 , & Leonidas E. Cabrera F. 3 1 Harris World Ecology Center, Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121, USA. E-mail: eliotmiller@umsl.edu 2 Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies, c/o Foch 721 y Amazonas, Quito, Ecuador. 3 Fundación Jocotoco, Avenida de Los Shyris 37-146 y El Comercio, Quito, Ecuador. Resumen. – La nidificación del Rascahojas Capuchirrufa (Hylocryptus erythrocephalus), con notas sobre su conservación. – Estudiamos aspectos del biología reproductiva del casi desconocido y vulnerable Rascahojas Capuchirrufa (Hylocryptus erythrocephalus) en el suroeste de Ecuador. Los nidos fueron copas de fibras flexibles gruesas y planas (n = 3) dentro de una cámara al final de un túnel excavado por los adultos (n = 17). Todos los nidos excepto uno fueron encontrados en el talud de un camino, ribera de una quebrada seca, o lindero de un sendero. Los que examinamos contuvieron tres huevos (n = 5), que fueron desovados a intervalos de c. 48 h separados (n = 2). Nidadas duraron c. 5 días para ser completadas (n = 2), y la incubación duro 16–19 días (n = 3). Pudimos observar los pin- chones de dos nidos; todos los pichones observados estaban infestados por larvas de Diptera. Aunque el sitio de estudio fue dentro de una reserva privada, varios viandantes pasan caminando y manejando carros sobre el camino donde estuvieron situados la mayoría de nidos que estudiamos. De videos que tomamos durante la época de incubación en un nido, 12 de 22 salidas del nido fueron causa- dos por los viandantes, y sugerimos la posibilidad de que el camino puede atraer H. erythro- cephalus, pero también funciona como un sumidero, es una amenaza que merece ser investigada mas a fondo. Abstract. – We studied aspects of the breeding biology of the poorly known and vulnerable Henna- hooded Foliage-gleaner (Hylocryptus erythrocephalus) in southwest Ecuador. The nests were thick, flattened cups of flexible fibers (n = 3) in a chamber at the end of a tunnel excavated by the adults (n = 17). All but one of the nests was in a nearly vertical muddy road cut, stream bank, or trail edge, and those that we examined contained three eggs (n = 5). Eggs were laid c. 48 h apart (n = 2). Clutches took c. 5 days to complete (n = 2), and incubation lasted 16–19 days (n = 3). We were able to observe the nestlings in two nests. All nestlings were infested by dipteran larvae. Though our study site was in a private reserve, local passersby both walk and drive the road along which most of our study nests were located. From videos we took during the incubation period at one nest, 12 of 22 observed off-bouts were caused by these passersby, and we suggest the possibility that road cuts can attract nesting H. erythro- cephalus, but act as sink habitats, is a potential threat worth further investigation. Accepted 12 December 2012. Key words: Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner, Hylocryptus erythrocephalus, Tumbesian, breeding biology, Furnariidae.