Received: 31 December 2017 Revised: 14 April 2019 Accepted: 21 May 2019
DOI: 10.1002/asjc.2220
SPECIAL ISSUE
An Embedded Solar-Powered Irrigation System Based on a
Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller
Abdelouahed Selmani
1
Mohamed Outanoute
1
Hassan Oubehar
1
Abdelali Ed-Dahhak
2
Abdeslam Lachhab
2
Mohammed Guerbaoui
2
Benachir Bouchikhi
1
1
Sensors, Electronic & Instrumentation
Team, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl
University, Meknes, Morocco
2
Modelling Systems Control and
Telecommunications Team, High School
of Technology, Moulay Ismaïl University,
Meknes, Morocco
Correspondence
Abdelouahed selmani, Sensors, Electronic
& Instrumentation Team, Faculty of
Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University,
Meknes, Morocco.
Email: sel.bdel@gmail.com
Present Address
Sensors, Electronic & Instrumentation
Team, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl
University, B.P. 11201, Meknes, Morocco.
Abstract
This study examines the automatization of irrigation tasks of solar photovoltaic
water pumping systems (SPVWPS) in greenhouse applications. A prototype of
an embedded control system has been developed for SPVWPS battery-coupled
architectures. The new design aims at improving the safety of solar irrigation
facility by avoiding the exhaustion of pumping resources (water and energy)
while watering. The availabilities of pumping resources are introduced as new
requisite inputs of a fuzzy logic-based control system (FLC) so that it can pro-
duce adequate and safe irrigation durations. The FLC design consists of two
cascaded devices. The first device uses climate data to estimate durations for
watering that satisfy crop needs. The second device uses actual resource levels
to evaluate the pumping capacity of the SPVWPS regarding requested durations.
Watering is performed whenever the pumping capacity of the system represents
more than 25% of the total requirement. Test results from an experimental green-
house prove the effectiveness of the decision-making mechanism that prevents
scheduling unsuccessful watering tasks.
KEYWORDS
Embedded system, Fuzzy logic, Greenhouse, Java embedded, Raspberry Pi, Solar irrigation
1 INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is one of the most popular renewable energy
source that has less environmental impact than con-
ventional sources while having low operating cost and
long-life cycle. Recently, the introduction of this clean
source in agricultural applications has increased rapidly
in isolated and rural areas, where there is no access to
the power line. For instance, SPVWPS is one of the most
promising applications of solar power in the irrigation
process. The technology is quite similar to any other con-
ventional irrigation system and can be used wherever it is
needed, thanks to the usage of solar energy as the power
source. Several studies have been conducted on presenting
the working technology, classification, and configuration
of SPVWSs [1–5]. Despite the high initial set-up costs of the
battery-coupled architecture, its feasibilities are better by
guaranteeing continuous power supply even when climate
conditions are unfavorable.
In order to promote the use of SPVWS in greenhouses,
several studies have focused on developing methods, tools,
hardware and software components aiming at developing
autonomous systems. Indeed, modern information tech-
nology and artificial intelligence techniques have been put
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