Galician medical journal 2022
Vol. 29, Issue 2, E202224
DOI: 10.21802/gmj.2022.2.4
Research Article | Internal Medicine
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the
COVID-19-Impact on Quality of Life Scale
C ¸i˘ gdem
¨
Okten
1*
, Havva Gezgin Yazıcı
2
Abstract
The objective of this study was to adapt the COVID-19-Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) scale for
Turkish individuals and to determine its validity and reliability.
Materials and Methods. This methodological study was conducted between December 25, 2020 and
January 10, 2021. The research was conducted online and included 485 participants who completed
a socio-demographic questionnaire, the COV19-QoL scale and the Duke Health Profile (DUKE) on Google
Forms. Back translation was used for the Turkish version of the COV19-QoL scale. Language and content
validity of the scale were found to be acceptable.
Results. Ten experts were consulted regarding content validity of the scale. The results, item content
validity of 0.95 and scale content validity of 0.95, indicated excellent content validity. Explanatory factor
analysis found one principal structure with a total variance of 59.449%. The Cronbach’s alpha internal
consistency coefficient was 0.86 for the scale. A statistically significant moderate negative correlation
was found between the participants’ COV19-QoL scale score and their general health score on the DUKE
(r = -0.384; p < 0.01).
Conclusions. This study found that the Turkish version of the COV19-QoL scale is a valid and reliable
instrument for assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish population’s quality of life.
Keywords
Cov19-Qol Scale; Quality of Life; Validity; Reliability
1
Medical Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
2
Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: cigdem.okten@ksbu.edu.tr
Copyright ©C ¸i˘ gdem
¨
Okten, Havva Gezgin Yazıcı, 2022
Introduction
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first witnessed
in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread
throughout the world, resulting in a pandemic. Significant
global challenges in relation to the environment, economy,
health, and social life have resulted [1]. The restrictive
measures employed to prevent the spread of the virus had
a negative effect on social interactions and people’s daily
lives. Furthermore, the pandemic posed a considerable
threat to public health and had an adverse effect on indi-
viduals’ quality of life (QoL) because of unprecedented
personal and social fear and anxiety [2].
Sim and Chua noted that previous global pandemics
affected not only individuals’ physical health, but also
their mental health and QoL [3]. Moreover, regardless
of health and vulnerability, the entire population was af-
fected [4]. According to the research, social isolation dur-
ing the COVID-19 pandemic results in individuals engag-
ing in fewer social activities. This, in turn, exacerbates
an increase in chronic diseases and current health problems,
which has a negative effect on QoL and mental health, thus
leading to anxiety and depression [5, 6].
Nguyen and Vu found that individuals who were sus-
pected of having COVID-19 symptoms were more likely
to experience depression and a lower health-related QoL
in comparison to those with no symptoms [7]. Liu et al.
revealed that anxiety and depression rates increased during
the pandemic [8]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 16.5%
of participants in a study experienced moderate to severe
depression symptoms and 28.8% of individuals under study
experienced moderate to severe anxiety symptoms [8–10].
The World Health Organization defines QoL as an in-
dividual’s perception of their position in life in the con-
text of the culture and value systems in which they live
and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and
concerns [11]. QoL is related to continuous individuals’
development and changes and is affected by social, eco-
nomic, and cultural values. Peel, Bartlett and Marshall
have stated that individuals who enjoy life, do not suf-
fer from diseases and enjoy active social lives have good
QoL [12]. However, pandemics have an adverse effect on