Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Vol.5, Iss.3, Pages 22-41, July-September 2022
ISSN: 2582-0974 [22] www.mejast.com
Vector Bionomics, Potential Vectors, Susceptibility and Bio-efficacy of LLINs
Nets on Anopheles Mosquitoes in Nanyin Village Bunmouk Township Sagaing
Region in Myanmar
Maung Maung Mya
1*
, Myat Phone Kyaw
1
, Myat Thu Soe
2
, Pye Lin Aung
2
, Than Tun
3
, Nwet Nwet Aye
3
, Ye Kyaw Thu
2
, Swen Htat
Aung
2
, Phone Myint Lwin
2
, Aung Kyaw Kyaw
2
& Kyaw Kyaw Linn
4
1
Department of Medical Research,
2
ICEMR Research Project,
3
VBDC Department of Health,
4
Township Medical Officer, Bunmouk
Township, Sagaing Region. Corresponding Author Email: dr.mgmgmya@gmail.com*
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5303
Copyright © 2022 Maung Maung Mya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Article Received: 10 May 2022 Article Accepted: 19 July 2022 Article Published: 30 August 2022
1. Introduction
Malaria is one of the major communicable disease-causing high mortality and morbidity among population in
malaria endemic areas where tropical and sub-tropical climate zone such as Asia, Africa and South Saharan
country. Malaria is high in south East Asian Regions including Myanmar. Myanmar government has committed to
eliminate malaria by 2030. The national framework for malaria elimination released by the Government of
Myanmar plans to achieve this goal through strategic planning in a phased manner [1]. India also plan to eliminate
malaria in 2030 releases by government of India [2].
Maung Maung Mya -Research Scientist/Expert, Medical Entomology Research Division, Department of Medical Research,
Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: dr.mgmgmya@gmail.com. Myat Phone Kyaw -Deputy Director General, Department
of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: Kyaw606@gmail.com. Myat Thu Soe -Research Officer, ICEMR
Research Project, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: dr.myatthusoe@gmail.com. Pye Lin Aung -Research Officer, ICEMR
Research Project, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: pyaelinnag@gmail.com. Than Tun -Assistant Director, Vector Born
Diseases Control, Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: thantun@gmail.com. Nwet Nwet Aye -Senior
Entomologist, Vector Born Diseases Control, Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email:
nwetnwetaye@gmail.com. Ye Kyaw Thu -Research Assistant, ICEMR Research Project, Ministry of Health, Myanmar,
Email: yekyawthu@gmail.com. Swen Htat Aung -Research Assistant, ICEMR Research Project, Ministry of Health,
Myanmar, Email: swenhtataung@gmail.com. Phone Myint Lwin -Research Assistant, ICEMR Research Project, Ministry of
Health, Myanmar, Email: phonemyintlwin@gmail.com. Aung Kyaw Kyaw -Research Assistant, ICEMR Research Project,
Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: aungkyawkyaw@gmail.com. Kyaw Kyaw Linn -Township Medical Officer, Bunmouk
Township Hospital, Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Email: kyawkyawlinn@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Nanyin village is a malaria endemic area consisting of Bunmouk Township Sagaing Region in Myanmar. Ohnpinkone and Bwedarkone wards were
chosen for measuring vector bionomics, potential vectors, susceptibility and bio-efficacy of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) (due to high
prevalence of P. falciparum) in both wards from December 2019 to October 2020. A total of 3236 and 3019 Anopheles mosquitoes consist of 12
species were collected from both Ohnpinkone and Bwedarkone wards. Anopheles barbirostris was found highest number (1088 and 820) followed by
An. philippinensis (267 and 605) in both areas. Higher number of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by Cattle bait catching method followed by
Indoor Light traps method. The highest was collected in October in Ohnpinkone and September in Bwedarkone. In Ohnpinkone, the highest was
collected in April by outdoor and August in indoor light trap and March by outdoor and June by indoor light traps in Bwedarkone. Higher number of
main vectors of An. minimus and An. dirus were collected in Ohnpinkone than Bwedarkone and highest number of An. minimus was collected by
cattle bait (77) followed by indoor light method (72) in Ohnpinkone. Only 11and 3 An. dirus were collected, of this 9 and 1 number were collected by
indoor light traps method from both wards. One An. minimus from Ohnpinkone was found sporozoite positive (0.47%). Main vector An. minimus was
collected highest in April in Ohnpinkone and June in Bwedarkone. Susceptibility status of primary and secondary vectors were found susceptible to
Pyrethroid insecticides. Bio-efficacy of all tested LLINs nets were found lower efficacy 20% and 63.33% in both wards. Main vector of An. minimus
was collected year round in large number in both areas as well as sporozoite positive and An. dirus was available in both areas. Therefore, both areas
are highly malaria risk areas and need to proper treatment and control measure using RIS and supply new LLINs nets or retreatment with
deltamethrin to old nets according to WHO guideline to ovoid malaria transmission.
Keywords: Bionomics, Susceptibility, Sporozoite, LLINs, Anopheles, Main vector, An. minimus, Bio-efficacy, Pyrethroid, Deltamethrin insecticide.