INTL. JOURNAL OF HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION, 25(7), 692–706, 2009 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1044-7318 print / 1532-7590 online DOI: 10.1080/10447310902964132 HIHC 1044-7318 1532-7590 Intl. Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, Vol. 25, No. 6, Jun 2009: pp. 0–0 Intl. Journal of Human–Computer Interaction Nomadic Speech-Based Text Entry: A Decision Model Strategy for Improved Speech to Text Processing Nomadic Speech-Based Text Entry Price et al. Kathleen J. Price 1 , Min Lin 1 , Jinjuan Feng 1 , Rich Goldman 1 , Andrew Sears 1 , and Julie Jacko 2 1 Interactive Systems Research Center, UMBC, Baltimore, MD 2 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Speech text entry can be problematic during ideal dictation conditions, but difficul- ties are magnified when external conditions deteriorate. Motion during speech is an extraordinary condition that might have detrimental effects on automatic speech recognition. This research examined speech text entry while mobile. Speech enroll- ment profiles were created by participants in both a seated and walking environ- ment. Dictation tasks were also completed in both the seated and walking conditions. Although results from an earlier study suggested that completing the enrollment process under more challenging conditions may lead to improved recog- nition accuracy under both challenging and less challenging conditions, the current study provided contradictory results. A detailed review of error rates confirmed that some participants minimized errors by enrolling under more challenging conditions while others benefited by enrolling under less challenging conditions. Still others minimized errors when different enrollment models were used under the opposing condition. Leveraging these insights, we developed a decision model to minimize recognition error rates regardless of the conditions experienced while completing dictation tasks. When applying the model to existing data, error rates were reduced significantly but additional research is necessary to effectively validate the proposed solution. 1. INTRODUCTION Mobile data entry presents a design conundrum for systems analysts and devel- opers. Users require interaction methods that are accurate, quick, and easy to use, but accomplishing these goals can be difficult when you consider the additional challenges associated with mobile handheld computing devices. The small size of This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Nos. IIS-0121570 and IIS-0328391. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Correspondence should be addressed to Andrew Sears, UMBC, Information Systems Department, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore MD 21250. E-mail: asears@umbc.edu