Journal of Planar Chromatography 27 (2014) 6, 477–479 DOI: 10.1556/JPC.27.2014.6.13
477
0933-4173/$ 20.00 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
1 Introduction
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous hallucinogen
with traditional use as a ceremony in the orally active prepara-
tion of Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage used by indige-
nous communities in the Amazon. Although the religious use of
Ayahuasca has been studied extensively, very little is known
about the recreational use of DMT [1]. Recently, many people
have shown prominent attention in traditional indigenous prac-
tices and popular medicine, involving the ingestion of natural
psychotropic drugs [2]. The consumption of Ayahuasca is
increasing worldwide due to the expansion of syncretic religions
founded in the north of Brazil in the first half of the twentieth
century, such as Santo Daime. This product contains N,N-
dimethyltryptamine which needs coadministration of naturally
occurring monoamine oxidase inhibitors, for example, β-carbo-
line derivatives, in order to induce its psychoactive effects in
humans, so this substance is required by users of DMT to be
effective orally [3]. Dimethyltryptamine dose-dependently ele-
vated blood pressure, heart rate, pupil diameter, and rectal tem-
perature, in addition to elevating blood concentrations of b-
endorphin, corticotrophins, cortisol, and prolactin. Growth hor-
mone blood levels rose equally in response to all doses of DMT,
even though melatonin levels are unaffected [4]. While previous
studies of DMT use had examined Ayahuasca use exclusively
[5], several studies had demonstrated the ubiquity of smoking as
the most prevalent route of administration among recreational
DMT users. A wide spread of analytical methods had been
developed in order to establish the composition of Ayahuasca,
but there is not much information available about the analysis of
DMT in street samples. Due to this reason, we implemented a
fast and reliable method for the determination of DMT by
HPTLC that offers many advantages such as rapidness, low
cost, accuracy, and precision. The use of validated methods is
significant for an analytical laboratory to show its qualification
and capabilities [6]. In this scenario, we developed and validat-
ed a rapid and simple method for the detection and quantitation
of DMT in illicit powder samples. Besides validation parame-
ters, the uncertainty of the method was also evaluated [7].
2 Experimental
2.1 Chemicals and Reagents
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine was generously provided by Drug
Enforcement Administration, Washington DC. Methanol and
conc. ammonia were of analytical grade, purchased from Merck,
Darmstadt, Germany.
2.2 Chromatography
The analysis was performed on 10 × 10 cm precoated silica gel
F
254
plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), previously activated
at 80°C for 20 min. One microliter of standards and samples was
applied in bands of 4 mm with an ATS 4 automatic TLC sampler,
using a spray band technique; the first application x axis was
10 mm and y axis was 8.0 mm, and the distance between the
tracks was 4.2 mm. Plates were developed with an automatic
developing chamber ADC-2 without saturation to a distance of
70 mm, with methanol–ammonia 100:1.5 as the mobile phase
(10 mL, freshly prepared) and drying time of 2.0 min; the spots
were scanned with a TLC Scanner 4 densitometer by absorbance
at 220 nm. Spectra of each peak were recorded in the range of
190–400 nm on all detected peaks mode; slit dimension, 4.00 ×
0.30 mm; scanning speed, 20 nm s
−1
; data resolution, 100 µm
step
−1
; reference spectrum, x = 10.0 m and, y = 5.0 mm. All
processes were controlled with the software winCATS Planar
Chromatography Manager, version 1.4.7 (CAMAG, Muttenz,
Switzerland).
3 Results and Discussion
The proposed method was validated according to parameters of
the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guide-
Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Detection of
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine in Seized Street Samples
Boris Duffau*, Sonia Rojas, Sebastian Jofre, Marcelo Kogan, Iván Triviño, and Paula Fuentes
Key Words
High-performance thin-layer chromatography
Dimethyltryptamine
Hallucinogens
Uncertainty
B. Duffau, S. Rojas, S. Jofre, P. Fuentes, and I. Triviño, Drug Analysis Section,
Institute of Public Health of Chile, Chile; and M. Kogan, Faculty of Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Chile.
E-mail: bduffau@gmail.com