In Search of the Cartesian Self
An Examination of Disembodiment within 21st-Century
Communication
Garry Young and Monica T. Whitty
NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT. Cyberspacehasbeenhailedbysomeasamediumthroughwhich
users can experience themselves as disembodied, freed from the corporeal
trappings of the “real” world. Literature proclaiming the merits of this dis-
embodied ideal has often described the user’s existential state as a form of
Cartesian disembodiment, but without (in our view) giving serious consid-
eration to whether this label is warranted. This paper explores the extent to
which alterations to the contingency relation said to exist by Descartes,
between mind and body (or physical system), result in experiences of dis-
embodiment that can legitimately be described as Cartesian. After examin-
ing various examples of altered contingency relations—from case study
reports of pathological experiences of disembodiment to research evidence
on online relating—we conclude that cyberspace does not constitute a suit-
able medium for the realization of the Cartesian self, even in users who
intentionally seek to become disembodied. The more we try to disengage
withthebody,themoreitsimportanceisrevealedtous.
KEY WORDS: Cartesian self, computer-mediated communication, contin-
gency relation, cyberspace, disembodiment, embodiment
WhenDescartesannouncedtotheworld“cogito, ergo sum”(Ithink,therefore
I am; 1637/1997a, § 32), in that instant his essential being was transformed,
reducedeven,toadisembodiedmind(Descartes,1647/1997b,§78).Critics,
however,werequicktochallengethecredibilityofhisontologicalclaim.Not
only in terms of the manner in which he arrived at his conclusion, but also
with regard to the fundamental division this produced between immaterial
mindandmaterialbody,andtheproblematicnatureoftheirinteraction.
1
The
aim of this paper is not to endorse Descartes’ontological distinction, neither
THEORY &PSYCHOLOGY VOL.20(2):209–229
© TheAuthor(s), 2010. Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/0959354309345633 http://tap.sagepub.com