International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-3, January 2020 2928 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: C8854019320/2020©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.C8854.019320 Abstract: - An earthquake resisting elements are the components that are introduced in a structure to improve its seismic resistance and method of application of these elements are said as techniques. Though structures are designed and detailed as per code provision there remains some possibility of damage or failure in strong earthquake. Performance of buildings may be improved using earthquake resistant elements and techniques. An earthquake produces seismic waves on earth surface of earth due to releases of large energy from lithosphere which produces waves in earth surface causing disturbance in structures resulting failure of seismically weak structures. Seismic waves then travels in horizontal and vertical direction. It causes horizontal and vertical ground movement or vibration. These seismic waves cause disturbances in in buildings. The disturbance caused depends on position of building with respect to the center of disturbance called as epicenter. Intensity of these seismic waves is maximum at center and goes on reducing away from epicenter. Generally horizontal waves are of stronger than vertical so buildings are designed to horizontal seismic forces. These valves travel in any direction but from design purpose it is resolved in two orthogonal directions. Few constructional precautions may help to avoid or minimize damage in buildings. Earthquake resistance of building may be improved with proper design and construction of structures. Some earthquake resisting elements like shear wall, moment resisting frame or innovative techniques like base isolation, or energy dissipation system are used in many high rise buildings to avoid or minimize damage and hence loss of lives and properties. Shear walls are RC member generally introduced in a structure during construction in symmetrical manner. Base isolators in the form bearings are placed between sub and super structure to reduce stiffness of structures. Structures are braced with seismic dampers in energy dissipation system. Composites are used by mixing in concrete or as a warp. All these techniques are reviewed herewith with special attention on shear walls. Keywords: Earthquake resistance, shear wall, base isolation, energy dissipation I. INTRODUCTION Seismic resistant building is that building which has designed and constructed as per seismic resistant design and constructed taking all care of avoiding casualties during future possible earthquake. Though structures are designed and constructed as per code provision, there are some evidences of failure in past strong earthquake. Strength, stiffness and energy dissipation behaviour are the major areas where improvement can be made to make structures seismic Revised Manuscript Received on January 05, 2020. *Sanjivan Mahadik, Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, India Email: sanjivanmahadik@gmail.com S. R. Bhagat, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University Lonere, India Email: srbhagat@dbatu.ac.in resistant. Several techniques have been developed and also different composite materials are now in use for seismic resistance improvement. This paper gives an insight on seismic behaviour of structure and improvement techniques used for seismic resistance in practice. Behaviour of shear wall having medium height was studied by [1] to know improvement in its seismic performance using different inbuilt bracing maintaining same reinforcement percentage as that of normal reinforced wall and it was observed that there is significant improvement in seismic behaviour of these shear walls using inbuilt bracing without increasing reinforcement. A study of improvement of behaviour of shear wall with introducing different inbuilt steel sections embedded in concrete was made by [4] and it was investigated that, use of encased profiles in shear wall improves strength, stiffness and ductility if shear wall. Similar experience was for [15] in testing of composite shear wall with encased profile placed in seismic area in numerical analysis of composite shear wall [5] while testing six walls with different encased profiles. Use of steel tube filled with concrete as a embedded columns or truss as a seismic improving arrangement in shear wall was studied by [2] and in this research it was observed that, strength as well as ductility of shear wall increases using that type of arrangement. It also slower the stiffness degradation speed which indicates improved resistance to seismic forces. Study of behaviour of shear walls using light weight concrete with was made by [14]. In this experiment different arrangement of reinforcement was studied and it was found that, placing web reinforcement in diagonal manner improves behaviour of shear wall significantly. This arrangement transfers seismic forces to foundation effectively than normal way of reinforcement. It also reduces the stresses in compression strut in shear wall. Study of behaviour of shear wall adding GFRP in concrete was investigated by [8] in which it was observed that, there is insignificant degradation and reasonable stability of stiffness during reverse cyclic loading. Negligible residual strain and drift within limit was observed using GFRP in shear wall. GFRP concrete experiences god confinement with concrete playing great role in improving ductility of shear walls. FRP shear wall also experiences fewer cracks than reinforced concrete shear wall due to absence of yielding of reinforcement. Similar observation was reported to [9] in experimental investigation of GFRP reinforced shear wall. It was also observed that GFRP reinforced shear wall attains their flexural capacities as that of ordinary steel reinforced concrete shear wall. Also it behaves in good manner in anchorage to base. Earthquake Resisting Elements and Techniques in High Rise Buildings Sanjivan Mahadik, S. R. Bhagat