Original Article
ISSN (Online): 2350-0530
ISSN (Print): 2394-3629
International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH
December 2021 9(12), 273-285
How to cite this article (APA): Križan, P., Matúš, M., and Beniak, J., (2021). Hay-Plastic Composites – Effect of Hay Particle Size on
The Water Absorption. International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH, 9(12), 273-285. doi:
10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i12.2021.4445
273
HAY-PLASTIC COMPOSITES – EFFECT OF HAY PARTICLE SIZE ON THE
WATER ABSORPTION
Peter Križan
1
, Miloš Matúš
1
, Juraj Beniak
1
Institute of Manufacturing Systems, Environmental Technology and Quality Management, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Received 2 November 2021
Accepted 14 December 2021
Published 31 December 2021
Corresponding Author
Peter Križan,
peter.krizan@stuba.sk
DOI
10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i12.2021
.4445
Funding: This research received no
specific grant from any funding agency in
the public, commercial, or not-for-profit
sectors.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s).
This is an open access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original
author and source are credited.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of experimental investigations into the effects of raw
material composition and properties on water absorption in hay-plastic composites. It is
possible to identify important parameters of the raw materials used in HPCs production
such as the size of the hay sawdust particles, hay/plastic ratio, and type or plastic matrix.
The goal of this research was to produce HPCs with acceptable and comparable quality.
This is determined by the final mechanical properties. The particle size of the hay
sawdust used to produce HPC has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of
composites as well as other important properties like water absorption, hardness and
frost resistance. This paper examines the relationship and impact of the input hay-
sawdust particle sizes, hay/plastic ratio, and water absorption on composites. The
authors also intend to explore the potential for waste materials usage. These
experimental research results were made using a semi-operational molding press, where
injection is done by a screw. Meadow hay, HDPE resin matrix, and recycled HDPE were
used as input materials. The lids made from PET bottles served as the containers. Based
on a combination of default levels of hay/HDPE concentration and using recycled HDPE
rather than virgin HDPE, the effect of hay sawdust particles on water absorption was
determined.
Keywords: Hay Sawdust, HPC, Hay-Plastic Composites, Particle Size, Water
Absorption, Recycling
1. INTRODUCTION
To improve the physical and mechanical properties of products made from
biomass-plastic composites, fillers are used. Today, environmental protection is
a major concern. This is why there is increasing interest in organic fillers such as
wood, straw, corn stalks, or rice husks replacing inorganic fillers. Due to their
easy recycling and ecological benefits, the development of renewable raw
materials composites has been a major success. Natural fibers can be easily
recycled, are carbon dioxide neutral, and are readily available in large quantities
Migneault et al. (2009), Kuo et al. (2009) The scope of use of biomass-plastic
composites (BPCs) today is mainly in the automotive, engineering and electrical
engineering industries. There are also various research studies Zhang et al.
(2008),Yang et al. (2007),Smith and Wolcott (2006) that examine the effects of
material and technological variables on production. BPCs can be made by mixing
ground biomass particles with heated thermoplastic resin Soury et al.
(2009),Yam et al. (1990) ,Carrino et al. (2011). Although extruding the material