Editors Ali Ahmed El-Sayed Abdallah Abdel-Ati Al-Naggar Ahmed Mohamed Sheir Studies in Peace-building History between East and West through the Middle Ages and Modern Era This volume contains some studies compiled by Egyptian, Italian, Ger- man and Hungarian scholars within the academic activities of the Bi- lateral Project “History of Peace-building: peaceful relations between East and West (11th - 15th century)”. The project is totally funded by the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) and the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Studies in Peace-building History between East and West through the Middle Ages and Modern Era ♦ Foreword - János Sáringer, Institute of Social Sciences and Pedagogy, Budapest Business School ♦ «History of Peace-building» project – Two-years of Scientifc Cooperation between ASRT-CNR - Abdallah Abdel-Ati Al-Naggar, Academy of Scientifc Research & Technol- ogy (ASRT), Egypt ♦ Islamic Legal Attitudes to Trade with the Dār al-Ḥarb (2 nd -6 th centuries’ AH/8 th - 12 th centuries CE) - Lorenzo Bondioli, PhD-Researcher, Princeton University ♦ Arab apostates in Byzantium: Evidence of voluntary conversion and assimilation - Abd Al-Aziz Ramadān, Ain Shams University, Egypt ♦ Steps of the Damascene-Crusader Peace-building until the Treaty of (1140AD/534H) - Ali Ahmed Mohamed El-Sayed, Damanhour University, Egypt ♦ The Confict between the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and the Empire of Trebizond on the southern shores of the Black Sea in the early 13 th century AD - Al-Metwally El-Sayed Tamim, Damanhour University, Egypt ♦ Why Venice, not Genoa? How Venice Emerged as the Mamluks’ Favourite European Trading Partner After 1365 - Albrecht Fuess, Philipps Universität Marburg, Germany ♦ Between Peace and War: The Peaceful Memory of the Crusades between the Middle Ages and the Modern Arabic-Egyptian Writings - Ahmed Mohmed Sheir, Philipps Universität Marburg, Germany & Daman- hour University, Egypt ♦ Peaceful Coexistence between Muslims and Copts in Egypt (1882-1952) - Aly Affy Aly Ghazy, Independent Historian, Egypt ♦ Antall Government’s Foreign Policy and Diplomacy between East and West (1990-1993) - János Sáringer, Teodora Wiesenmayer, Budapest Business School