A
considerable amount of research on microbial-
induced corrosion has been conducted by
industries that employ buried pipelines and
underground structures (King and Miller, 1971;
Tatnall, 1981; Iverson and Olson, 1983; Iverson, 1984;
Ford and Mitchell, 1990). Since the sulfate-reducing
bacteria (SRB) has been considered the major bacterial
species in causing metal corrosion under anaerobic
environments (Crombie et al., 1980; Pankhania, 1988; Ford
and Mitchell, 1990; Hao et al., 1996), most of the past
studies concentrated on the corrosion problems caused by
SRB encountered in those environments. Little is known
about the potential of this type of bacteria to corrode metals
under aerobic situations. Recently, a few researchers have
studied SRB corrosion problems in aerobic environments.
Hardy and Bown (1984) suggested that the most aggressive
conditions associated with SRB were those which were not
entirely anaerobic, but where small quantities of oxygen
might be present from time to time. Scott and Davies
(1992) reported high counts of SRB on the corroded steel
columns in a medical research building. They found that
SRB could survive in an aerobic environment with the
assistance of oxygen depletion bacteria. Zhu et al. (1994)
reported their findings of biofilms and the SRB counts on
metal surfaces based on a preliminary survey conducted in
animal buildings. The results from these studies showed
that sulfate-reducing bacteria could survive and contribute
to metal corrosion problems in environments with the
presence of oxygen.
Feed materials, dust, moisture, and animal feces are
abundant in animal buildings and provide adequate
nutrients for bacterial growth on metal surfaces in these
buildings. No metal substratum can be totally immune from
microbial colonization in animal building environments. A
knowledge of the growth of SRB in animal buildings, as
well as information regarding metal corrosion when
exposed to these bacteria, will help estimate the probability
of metal deterioration caused by these microbes and
provide information on how to prevent it.
This article reports the experimental results of a study
on the potential of metal corrosion by SRB during a two-
year field exposure study in three animal buildings and one
environmentally controlled building. The colonization,
growth, and decay of SRB on metal surfaces were
investigated. An analysis of the corrosion products on
corroded metal surfaces using X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy was also done to determine if the corrosion
products were produced by SRB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE MATERIALS AND PLACEMENT
Six types of metal samples were used in the field
exposure test (uncoated 1010 carbon steel, galvanized steel,
prepainted G90 hot dipped galvanized steel, uncoated
Galvalume, prepainted Galvalume, and pure zinc). The
metal coupons were 25 mm × 63.5 mm. Ten sets of metal
coupons were placed in each building. Each set consisted
of six pieces (one of each metal type) so sets could be
removed periodically for analysis over a period of two
years.
A STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL OF METAL CORROSION BY
SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA IN ANIMAL BUILDINGS
J. Zhu, G. L. Riskowski, R. I. Mackie
ABSTRACT . The potential of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to cause metal corrosion in animal buildings was examined in
this study. An analysis was done on the bacterial colonization and the corrosion products on the surfaces of metals
exposed to three animal buildings and one environmentally controlled building over a two-year period. Data from this
study showed that the levels of SRB on metal surfaces were low after two-year’s exposure (maximum count: 1.7 ×
10
4
/cm
2
). SRB colonization levels after two years were not sufficient to corrode metal products exposed in animal
environments. In addition, metal surface analysis data using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the corrosion
compounds formed on the surfaces of different metals were not due to the SRB-induced corrosion mechanisms. These
compounds were mainly oxides and carbonates (FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, and Fe(CO)
5
on iron samples; ZnO and ZnCO
3
on
galvanized steel samples; Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, and ZnCO
3
on Galvalume samples), and were normally generated due to the
classic types of corrosion mechanisms. Some sulfur was present to form ZnS on the galvanized steel samples, but might
not be attributed to SRB. The origin of this sulfur was not clear.
Keywords. Animal housing, Sulfate reduction, Bacteria, Metal, Corrosion.
Article was submitted for publication in February 1998; reviewed and
approved for publication by the Structures & Environment Division of
ASAE in March 1999.
The authors are Jun Zhu, ASAE Member Engineer, Assistant
Professor, University of Minnesota, Southern Experiment Station,
Waseca, Minn.; Gerald L. Riskowski, ASAE Member Engineer,
Professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Illinois,
Urbana, Ill.; and Roderick I. Mackie, Professor, Department of Animal
Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. Corresponding author: Dr.
Jun Zhu, University of Minnesota, Southern Experiment Station, 35838-
120th Street, Waseca, MN 56093; voice: (507) 835-3620; fax: (507) 835-
3622; e-mail: zhuxx034@tc.umn.edu.
Transactions of the ASAE
© 1999 American Society of Agricultural Engineers 0001-2351 / 99 / 4203-777 777 VOL. 42(3): 777-782