Bisphenol A in infant urine and baby-food samples among 9- to 15- month-olds Jangwoo Lee a , Young-Ah Ahn a , Kyungho Choi a , Jeongim Park b , Hyo-Bang Moon c , Gyuyeon Choi d , Jeong Jae Lee d , Eunsook Suh d , Hai-Joong Kim e , So-Hee Eun e , Gun-Ha Kim e , Geumjoon Cho e , Sung Koo Kim f , Sungjoo Kim f , Su Young Kim g , Seunghyo Kim g , Soyong Eom h , Sooran Choi i , Young Don Kim j , Sungkyoon Kim a, ⁎ a School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea b College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea c Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea d College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea e College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea f College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea g College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea h College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea i College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea j Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea HIGHLIGHTS • The BPA detection frequencies in infant food and urine were 32.5–76.3% and 85.5–85.7%, respectively. • The BPA in the baby-food was higher at 15 months relative to 9 or 12 months; however, BPA in urine was not. • The baby-food at 15 months, mostly composed of solid food, contributes to body burden in infants under 2 years in Korea. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT abstract article info Article history: Received 16 March 2019 Received in revised form 7 August 2019 Accepted 8 August 2019 Available online 09 August 2019 Editor: Adrian Covaci Diet is the predominant source of bisphenol A (BPA) intake, but limited data are available on BPA levels in the diet of younger infants. This study investigated BPA levels in baby-food and urine samples collected from young in- fants (under 2 years old). Samples of homemade baby food (n = 210) and urine (n = 187) were collected at 9, 12, and 15 months after birth from a panel of Korean infants (n = 173). BPA levels in urine and food were mea- sured using HPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS, respectively. BPA was above the limit of detection (LOD) in 85.5–85.7% of the urine samples and 32.5–76.3% of the baby-food samples. The median levels of BPA were 0.45 ng/g wet weight (IQR: not detectable to 5.16 ng/g wet weight) in homemade baby food, 0.93 μg/L (IQR: bLOD to 2.66 μg/L) in Science of the Total Environment 697 (2019) 133861 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: ddram2@snu.ac.kr (S. Kim). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133861 0048-9697/© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv