THE SURFACE GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
AROUND GOBABEB, NAMIB DESERT, NAMIBIA
FRANK D. ECKARDT
1
, IAN LIVINGSTONE
2
, MARY SEELY
3
and JOHANNA VON HOLDT
1
1
Department of Geography, University of Cape Town, South Africa
2
School of Science and Technology, The University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
3
Gobabeb Research and Training Centre, Walvis Bay, Namibia
Eckardt, F.D., Livingstone, I., Seely, M. and Von Holdt, J.,
2013. An introduction to the surface geology and geomor-
phology around Gobabeb, Namib Desert, Namibia. Geo-
grafiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 95,
271–284. doi:10.1111/geoa.12028
ABSTRACT. This paper serves as a brief review and over-
view of the surface geology and geomorphology around
Gobabeb in the Central Namib Desert. It introduces the
major lithologies associated with the Damara Orogen of
Precambrian and Cambrian age, followed by Tertiary sand-
stones and conglomerates and Quaternary Kuiseb valley
conglomerates, silts and gravels. To celebrate the 50th anni-
versary of the Gobabeb research station and the recent des-
ignation of the Namib Sand Sea as a world heritage site, we
are presenting a map to inform and guide future research and
educational activities around Gobabeb. The contrast between
an ancient gravel plain to the north, a dynamic aeolian sand
sea to the south and ephemeral river environments in
between become apparent. These natural laboratories have
attracted investigations of contemporary sand dune move-
ment, hyper saline waters, evaporites and duricrusts and
ephemeral flooding and recharge processes as well as envi-
ronmental change and human impacts.
Key words: surface geology, geomorphology, Gobabeb,
Namib Desert, Kuiseb, Namib Sand Sea
Introduction
The research and training centre at Gobabeb
(15.0415° East, 23.5618° South, approx 400 m
a.s.l.), which celebrated its 50th anniversary in
2012 (Henschel and Lancaster 2013), has provided
a focus for a considerable volume of geological
and geomorphological research. Its location pro-
vides access to a range of contrasting environ-
ments that include the ancient stable surfaces of
the gravel plains to the north, the massive active
dunes of the sand sea to the south and the ephem-
eral channel of the Kuiseb River between them
(Figs 1 and 2). Geomorphological processes in the
area around Gobabeb are driven by the persistent
and long-lived aridity of the area, a steep environ-
mental gradient and by rare, extreme climatic
events (Eckardt et al. 2013). This paper describes
the geological and geomorphological surface fea-
tures and processes around the Gobabeb research
station and is intended as an introduction for new-
comers to the area. It aims to provide a broad,
integrated but by no means definitive overview
highlighting key papers from the past decades, as
well as more recent publications. Central to this is
the map of the Gobabeb area (Fig. 2) which was
modified from the digital Geological Survey of
Namibia map (Geological Survey of Namibia
1994) and features Damaran geology from Sawyer
(1981) and Kuiseb geomorphology mapped by
Ward (1987a, 1987b), who also provides a full
break down of all geomorphological type locations
presented here. Table 1 lists the sites most acces-
sible from Gobabeb but we strongly urge inter-
ested visitors to consult Ward (1987a), Ward and
Corbett (1990) and Miller (2008, in particular
Volume 3) for an in-depth description. Locations
of saline springs and salts were added from
Eckardt et al. (2013) and Khommabes Carbonate
Member from Ward (1987b).The Namib Sand Sea
(Sossus Formation) is rendered using a Landsat 8
image from 4 May 2013.
Surface geology
Cambrian and Precambrian
A visitor approaching Gobabeb on the roads from
the north across the gravel plains will see geological
outcrops free of sand cover, dominated by Precam-
brian rocks of the Damara Orogen (±880–460 Ma).
These outcrops include the extensive schist expo-
sures (Kuiseb Formation – NKs), which extend
from the Gamsberg Pass in the Great Escarpment to
the station perimeter (Fig. 2., location 1), as well as
the gneissic feldspathic quartzites (Khan Forma-
tion) and dolomitic marbles (Karibib Formation)
© 2013 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography
DOI:10.1111/geoa.12028
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