AN INTEGRATED SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR
SEASIDE TERMINAL OPERATIONS
Daniela Ambrosino
Elena Tànfani
Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods (DIEM)
University of Genova
Via Vivaldi 5, 16126, Genova, Italy
E-mail: ambrosin@economia.unige.it, etanfani@economia.unige.it
,
KEYWORDS
Discrete Event Simulation, 0/1 MIP optimization model,
container terminal, seaside operations planning,
performance analysis.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we focus our attention on the operational
decision problems related to the seaside area of
maritime container terminals. In particular, we face the
Quay Crane Assignment Problem (QCAP) and Quay
Crane Scheduling Problem (QCSP) with an integrated
simulation-optimization approach. A 0/1 MIP model is
developed in order to determine the optimal assignment,
on a shift basis, of QCs to bays of each ship served by
the terminal during a given planning horizon, referred as
Bay_QCAP. The optimization model solutions are used
as input parameters for a Discrete Event Simulation
(DES) model able to reproduce the system behaviour
taking into account its stochastic nature and complexity.
The framework can be used for evaluating the impact on
the seaside terminal performance of the optimized
solutions and the effects of different operative decisions
related to the scheduling of QCs.
The framework is going to be applied to a real case
study pertaining to the Southern European Container
Hub (SECH), sited in the Port of Genoa, Italy.
INTRODUCTION
The competitiveness of a marine container terminal is
based on different factors, such as transhipment time
combined with low rates for loading and discharging
and fast turnover of containers, which corresponds to a
reduction of the berthing time and, consequently, of the
cost of the whole transportation process. A marine
terminal must be managed in such a way to optimise the
flow of containers that arrive and leave it in various
ways, as, for instance, by trucks, trains and vessels.
A terminal can be viewed as made up of many
interrelated logistic processes as stressed in Vis and De
Koster (2003) and Steenken et al. (2004). In these
interesting overview papers the authors give a
classification of the decision problems at marine
container terminal in accordance with the following
logistic processes: i) arrival of the ship, ii) discharging
and loading of the ship, iii) transport of containers from
ship to stack and vice versa, iv) stacking of containers,
and v) inter-terminal transport and other modes of
transportation.
In this paper we focus our analysis on the discharging
and loading of the ship process. In particular, we are
interested in the tactical and operational decision
problems related to the organization of the loading and
unloading operations.
Gunther and Kim (2006) propose a classification of the
problems arising in terminals following the planning
level of decisions. In particular, the strategic level refers
to long-term decisions pertaining to layout, connections,
equipment, berthing and yard capacity, the tactical level
regards mid-term decisions pertaining to berth and yard
planning and policies, while the operational level refers
to short-term decisions pertaining to quay side and land
side operations. It is worth mentioning that there are
strong relations among strategic, tactical and operations
planning at the seaside area, as at the yard and the
landside area.
Focusing on the seaside terminal management
operations the main problems and their interrelations
(see Figure 1) are described in details in a recent survey
of Bierwirth and Meisel (2010).
! " !
#
$
% &
’( !
!! !
( !
) ! "
!" "
Figure 1: Seaside Decision Problems
The Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) concerns the
assignment of quay space to vessels that have to be
unload and loaded at the terminal. The Quay Crane
Assignment Problem (QCAP) defines how many QCs
assigning to each berthing ship, while the Quay Crane
Scheduling Problem (QCSP) determines the allocation
Proceedings 26th European Conference on Modelling and
Simulation ©ECMS Klaus G. Troitzsch, Michael Möhring,
Ulf Lotzmann (Editors)
ISBN: 978-0-9564944-4-3 / ISBN: 978-0-9564944-5-0 (CD)