December 2021 | Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Page 275 Journal of Innovative Sciences Research Article 1. Introduction C anola (Brassica carinata L., BBCC, 2n = 34) is the second most important oilseed worldwide, after soybean (FAO, 2016). Global food production has to double by 2050 to feed the growing human population (Ray et al., 2013). Brassica carinata belongs to the family Cruciferae ( Williams, 1989). Te family Cruciferae has about 338 genera and 3709 species ( Warwick et al., 2006). It can be cultivated in low rainfed areas of the world. It keeps sufcient yield levels and resistance to diferent biotic and abiotic stresses (Getinet et al., 2003). Te high amount of erucic acid and glucosinolates contents give a bitter taste in brassica oil, making Abstract | Te selection of useful variation in crop plants has been a major thrust of early farmers since the dawn of agriculture. Tis study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for quality characters in Brassica carinata L. A total of 22 genotypes comprised of six parental lines and their 16 bulked F 2 populations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Te University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2013-14. Data were recorded on oil content, protein content, oleic acid, glucosinolates, erucic acid, and linolenic acid. Signifcant genetic diferences were observed for all the traits studied. Among parental lines, C-88 performed better for protein content (20.48%) and erucic acid content (50.31%), C-89 for oleic acid (36.15%), and linolenic acid content (10.18%). Among F 2 populations, C-95 × C-93, C-88 × C-95, C-97 × C-95, C-88 × C-89, C-93 × C-95 C-97 × C-88 performed better for oil content (51.48%), protein content (21.62%), oleic acid (37.60%), glucosinolates content (88.27 µMg -1 ), erucic acid (45.98%) and linolenic acid (11.74%), respectively. Moderate (30 < h 2 ≤ 60) to high (h 2 > 60) broad-sense heritability was observed for all biochemical traits with maximum genetic advance, hence indicated that selection could be efective in the early generation for the improvements of these studied traits. Generally, cross combinations C-88 × C-89, C-93 × C-95, C-97 × C-88 performed better for oleic acid, glucosinolate content, and erucic acid, so that these segregants could be used for biodiesel and other industrial purposes. Muhammad Nauman 1 , Iftikhar Ali 3 , Nazir Ahmad 1,2 *, Fazli Ahad 1 and Touheed Iqbal 4 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Te University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 2 Oil Crops Research Institute, Te Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; 3 Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad-Pakistan; 4 Directorate General Agriculture Research, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Received | May 02, 2021; Accepted | June 24, 2021; Published | November 08, 2021 *Correspondence | Nazir Ahmad, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Te University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Email: nazir_aup@yahoo.com Citation | Nauman, M., I. Ali, N. Ahmad, F. Ahad and T. Iqbal. 2021. Study of biochemical characters gives an insight into the genetic variation present in F 2 populations of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.). Journal of Innovative Sciences, 7(2): 275-280. DOI | https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jis/2021/7.2.275.280 Keywords | Genetic variability, Genetic advance, Heritability, Oil content, Protein content Study of Biochemical Characters Gives an Insight into the Genetic Variation Present in F 2 Populations of Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica carinata L.)