Lifetime Analytic Prognostic for
Petrochemical Pipes Subject to Fatigue
Abdo Abou Jaoude*, Hassan Noura**, Khaled El-Tawil***,
Seifedine Kadry****, and Mustapha Ouladsine*****
* Paul Cézanne University Aix-Marseille, France, and the Lebanese University (EDST),
Lebanon, (Tel: 961-3-303034; email: abdoaj@idm.net.lb)
** United Arab Emirates University, Department of Electrical Engineering, (email: hnoura@uaeu.ac.ae)
*** Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering & EDST, (email: khaled_tawil@ul.edu.lb)
**** American University of the Middle East, Kuwait, (e-mail: skadry@gmail.com)
***** Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS, UMR CNRS 7296),
Paul Cézanne University, Aix-Marseille, France, (email: mustapha.ouladsine@lsis.org)
1. INTRODUCTION
Prognostic is a process encompassing a capacity of
prediction. It is the ability to estimate the remaining useful
lifetime (RUL) of equipment in terms of its functioning
history and its future usage. Predicting the RUL of industrial
systems becomes currently an important aim for industrialists
knowing that the failure, whose consequences are generally
very expensive, can occur suddenly. The classical strategies
of maintenance [1] based on a static threshold of alarm are no
more efficient and practical because they do not take into
consideration the instantaneous product functioning state.
The introduction of a prognostic approach as an "intelligent"
maintenance consists of the analysis, the health follow up and
monitoring, based on physical measurements using sensors.
Previous specialized prognostic studies belong generally to
three types of models: the first type is the "Data-based
models" relying on the statistics of large measured data (as
examples we can cite the works based on degradation
behavior described by abaci and using expert description of
system: Process-Mission-Environment [2], the works based
on artificial intelligence, machine learning [3], neural
network [4], fuzzy logic [5], etc.). Their methodologies are
described as not very precise and efficient. The second type is
the "Experience-based models" [4] (based on measurements
taken from health monitoring of machine like for example
those based on expert judgment, stochastic model, Markovian
process, Bayesian approach, Reliability analysis,
Optimization of preventive maintenance, etc.). Their
prognostic methodology proves to be simple but inflexible
toward changes in system behavior and environment.
The third type is the "Physical models" based on
mathematical description of degradation process and its level
evolution using NDI monitoring (Non-Destructive
Inspection). It is described to be more flexible and precise
than the two first types. This paper presents an analytical
prognostic methodology based on analytic laws of damage,
such as Paris' and Miner's laws. It belongs to the third type of
models. Whenever the damage law of the studied system is
available analytically, the advantage of this approach is
therefore its realistic and precise features in determining the
system remaining useful lifetime (RUL).
Pipelines are petrochemical systems transporting oil and
natural gas over long distances and in huge quantities. Their
life prognostic is vital in this industry since their availability
has crucial consequences. The DNV 2000 rules propose for
pipelines a target probability of failure about 10
-5
. Their main
failures are due to seismic ground waves, soil settlements,
buckling, deformations, internal and external corrosion, stress
concentration in welding and fitting, vibration and resonance,
pressure fluctuation over long period. The fatigue failures by
cracks propagation are detected by cracks detection tools.
Three case studies of pipes are considered here: unburied,
buried and subsea (offshore pipes). Each one of these
situations requires different physical parameters like:
corrosion, soil pressure and friction, water and atmospheric
pressure.
This paper is organized as follows: first the mechanical
fatigue model is presented, followed by a proposed
Abstract: The high availability of technological systems like aerospace, defense, petro-chemistry and automobile, is an important
major goal of earlier recent developments in system design technology. In petrochemical industries, pipelines are the principal
element of hydrocarbon transport systems. They are crucial for human activities since they serve to transport oil, water, and natural
gases from sources to all sites of consumers. A new analytic prognostic model is developed in this paper and applied to three cases
of pipes subject to internal pressure, to the effects of corrosion, and to soil loading. This will initiate micro-cracks in the tubes body
that can propagate suddenly and lead to failure. The increase of pipes performance, availability, and the reduction of their global
mission cost, need to develop a suitable prognostic process. Consequently, a new approach based on analytic laws of degradation is
proposed in this paper. From a predefined threshold of degradation D, the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) is estimated from this
prognostic model.
Keywords: Prognostic, Pipelines systems, Fatigue, Paris' law, Miner's law, Degradation trajectories, Analytic model, RUL.
8th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection,
Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes (SAFEPROCESS)
August 29-31, 2012. Mexico City, Mexico
978-3-902823-09-0/12/$20.00 © 2012 IFAC 707 10.3182/20120829-3-MX-2028.00143