Journal of Communication ISSN 0021-9916
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Keeping Control: The Importance
of Nonverbal Expressions of Power
by Organizational Spokespersons in Times
of Crisis
An-Sofie Claeys
1
& Verolien Cauberghe
2
1 Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
2 Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, 9000
Ghent, Belgium
Tis paper examines the impact of nonverbal expressions of power by organizational
spokespersons during diferent crisis stages. Study 1 investigates how vocal nonverbal cues
express power during crises and how this afects perceptions of spokespersons. Te results
illustrate that a spokesperson who speaks with a lowered voice pitch, which expresses
power, appears more competent than one with a raised voice pitch. Study 2 examines the
moderating infuence of crisis stage on the impact of visual nonverbal cues. During a crisis,
powerful nonverbal behaviors minimize reputational damage through an increase in
perceived competence of the spokesperson. In the afermath of a crisis, powerless nonverbal
behaviors positively afect the organizational reputation through an intermediate efect on
perceived sincerity of the spokesperson.
Keywords: Public Relations, Crisis Communication, Nonverbal Communication, Power,
Organizational Reputation, Competence, Sincerity.
doi:10.1111/jcom.12122
Research on organizational communication shows an increasing interest in crisis
communication (Jones, Watson, Gardner, & Gallois, 2004). A crisis is an unpre-
dictable event with an enormous impact on the operation of an organization, leading
to negative perceptions among consumers and negative outcomes for the organiza-
tion (Coombs, 2012). More specifcally, crises arouse uncertainty among stakeholders
(Sandman, 2006; Seeger, 2006; Heath, 2006) and cause reputational damage to the
organization in crisis (Coombs, 2007). Crisis communication serves to minimize
these negative outcomes and “protect the organization, stakeholders, and industry
from harm” (Coombs, 2012, p. 5).
Corresponding author: An-Sofe Claeys; e-mail: ansofe.claeys@soc.kuleuven.be
1160 Journal of Communication 64 (2014) 1160–1180 © 2014 International Communication Association