International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review Vol.7 (3), pp. 80-90 May, 2020
Available online at https://www.journalissues.org/IJEPRR/
https://doi.org/10.15739/IJEPRR.20.010
Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article ISSN 2360-7076
Original Research Article
Factors of effect on job expectation honorarium teachers
and its impact
Received 13 February, 2020 Revised 10 April, 2020 Accepted 18 April, 2020 Published 6 May, 2020
Iskandar Agung
1
,
M Calvin Capnary
2
,
Novrian Satria Perdana
3
,
and
Simon Silisabon
4
1,3,4
Center for Research Policy,
MOEC Republic of Indonesia.
2
Vice President of Bahaso
Company, Jakarta – Republic of
Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Email: safrusal.1958@gmail.com
This study aims to determine the factors that affect job satisfaction of non-
permanent teachers (called: honorary teachers) and their impact on student
performance, ongoing commitment, enthusiasm, and achievement. The
study was conducted in 9 (nine) districts which were divided into two
phases in 2017 (five districts) and 2018 (four districts). The research sample
is honorary teachers who teach in junior and senior high schools with a total
sample of 180 people. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires,
interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD). Data were analyzed using the
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using the Lisrel 8.70 program.
The study found job expectations and regular school operational assistance
(specifically the allocation of funds used for honorarium teacher salaries)
had a positive effect on job satisfaction of honorary teachers. Further job
satisfaction has a significant impact on job performance, continuance
commitment, work enthusiasm, and student achievement. The government
is advised to select and recruit honorarium teachers to become non-
ASN/Civil apparatus of State permanent teachers by relying on salary
payments based on regional minimum wages and the right to take
competency tests to get professional benefits, fulfillment of leave and other
social security rights, and so on. But non-ASN permanent teachers do not get
pension funds when they stop working later.
Keywords: Satisfaction, performance, commitment, enthusiasm, learning
INTRODUCTION
For a long time the problem of teacher shortages was
encountered in the administration of the education system
in Indonesia, especially in state schools. Limited capacity of
the state budget is the main cause, so the government
cannot recruit to meet this shortfall. Until 2018 there were
2,114,765 teachers in public schools consisting of
1,378,940 government employees (called civilian state
apparaturs or ASN) and 735,825 non-government teachers
(non-ASN). Non-ASN teachers are recruited through
honorariums payment often called honorarium teachers)
which will certainly continue to increase each year, due to
the large number of teachers entering retirement age,
transfer, death, and so on. Specifically regarding the
number of teachers entering retirement lately, caused by
mass appointments in the past in line with the
implementation of compulsory education (primary and
secondary schools) accompanied by the construction of
school buildings in all regions of Indonesia.
Non ASN teachers earn relatively small incomes ranging
from 300 thousand rupiah - 400 thousand rupiah ($ 1 usd =
currently 14,000 rupiah) every month depending on the
number of teaching hours. Local governments that have the
authority in managing development in the field of
education often do not allocate funds for the provision of
honorary teachers. The procurement and payment of
honorary teachers is handed over to schools originating
from regular school operational assistance funds (regular
BOS/ School Operational Assistance (Fund)) provided by