Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 822
Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management e-ISSN 2348-5302
Sch J Econ Bus Manag, 2017; 4(11):822-827 p-ISSN 2348-8875
© SAS Publishers (Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers)
(An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)
Board Composition and Value-Added Performance in an Emerging Securities
Market: Panel Evidence from Kenya
Patrick Nyatete Kenyanya, Dr. Benjamin Ombok, Dr. Robert Kisavi Mule
Department of Accounting and Finance, Maseno University, Kenya
*Corresponding author
Patrick Nyatete Kenyanya
Article History
Received: 10.11.2017
Accepted: 18.11.2017
Published: 30.11.2017
DOI:
10.21276/sjebm.2017.4.11.10
Abstract: This study investigates the role of board composition in influencing value-
added performance for firms in the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) using the
fixed effects panel data methodology. Using a sample of 456 firm-year observations
obtained from 38 firms for the years 2003 to 2014, we find evidence that board
gender diversity (β = 0.0737; p = 0.0265) and board size (β = 0.0934; p = 0.0000)
positively and significantly influence value-added performance. However, board
independence (β = -0.0830; p = 0.0015) is found to significantly but negatively affect
value-added performance. Based on this evidence, we conclude that board gender
diversity and board size are significant positive predictors of value-added
performance while board independence is a pertinent negative predictor of value-
added performance. We therefore recommended that the listed firms increase their
board sizes and number of women in their boards but reduce the number of non-
executive directors if they seek to compete in the globalised markets.
Keywords: Board Composition, Value-added Performance, Panel Data, Nairobi
Securities Exchange.
INTRODUCTION
The Nairobi Securities Exchange is the single major open capital market
in Kenya from which listed firms gain access to long-term finance [1] with the listed
firms contributing about 26% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013 alone [2].
Increased local and foreign investments have
made the bourse to grow in terms of market
capitalisation from KES 700.99 billion in December
2003 to KES 1921.61 billion in December 2014
representing an annual average growth of 17.4% during
the twelve years. This increase is attributed to the
increase in the number of listed firms from 50 to 66 in
the same period [3]. Despite the important contribution
to Kenya’s GDP, financial performance of the listed
firms has generally remained poor [4]. For example,
during the period 2003 to 2014, Unilever Tea (K) Ltd,
Access Kenya, CMC Holdings, BOC, Carbacid,
Uchumi, A. Baumann, Rea Vipingo and Hutchings
Biemer were either delisted or suspended from the
bourse [3], representing 21.4% of initially listed firms.
This indicates poor value addition.
Globally, the focus of management of firms is
gradually shifting from profit generation to value
addition [5] since firms that are value-added oriented
have been shown to be more competitive [6]. The need
to understand value-added financial performance
drivers has therefore been enhanced especially for firms
in developing countries like Kenya which seek to
compete in the increasingly competitive business world.
Moreover, firms in emerging markets such as the
Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) face challenges of
increased debt levels, declining profits, unregulated
board compositions and a stifling economic
environment, all which threaten value addition [2].
Additionally, the firms are relatively small and less
diversified as compared to those in the developed
economies which exposes them to shocks emanating
from uncertainty of policy and macroeconomic
environment. Prior research has shown that value
addition depends on both macro-economic factors such
as firm industry and firm specific factors such as board
composition and financial leverage.
Board composition refers to the mechanism
instituted by firms to achieve a balance and a mix of
skills in the highest management body of the firm
which seeks to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of
the monitoring function of the board over a company’s
top management [7]. In recent years, firms the world
over have been pressured by institutional investors and
shareholders to appoint directors with different
backgrounds and expertise under the assumption that
greater diversity in board composition leads to less
insular decision-making and improved financial
performance. In Kenya, the Capital Markets Authority
(CMA) Guidelines on corporate governance practices
by listed companies direct that boards of the listed firms
should compose effective and all-inclusive independent