International Surgery Journal | July 2021 | Vol 8 | Issue 7 Page 2145
International Surgery Journal
Joshi G et al. Int Surg J. 2021 Jul;8(7):2145-2149
http://www.ijsurgery.com
pISSN 2349-3305 | eISSN 2349-2902
Short Communication
Study of ergonomics in terms of angle of manipulation and
angle of azimuth in laparoscopic splenectomy
Gaurav Joshi, Khaja Abdul Moin Baig, Aparajita Chaturvedi,
Jnaneshwari Jayaram, Yashvant S. Rathore*, Sunil Chumber
INTRODUCTION
As the understanding and practice of laparoscopy grew
among surgeons, the number of procedures as well as
their complexities grew. LS required a relatively high
muscular load, putting surgeons at risk for fatigue and
injury.
1
With increased number of complex procedures, it
becomes very important for surgeons to learn the
ergonomics of laparoscopy which involves the art of
laparoscopic instrument manipulation safely and
effectively, so that they can perform laparoscopic
procedures with minimal body fatigue and discomfort.
With increased number of laparoscopic procedures, the
surgeons have started experiencing problems of
spondylosis, carpel tunnel syndrome, chronic back and
neck pain. These health issues among laparoscopic
surgeons are avoidable upto certain extent by knowing
the ergonomics of the procedure to be performed and
practice of the same.
As per baseball diamond concept of port position,
experimentally it is well known that putting camera port
in the line of target organ and working port equidistant
from camera port such that they form a 30 degree angle
each, gives optimum ergonomic advantage.
2
However
ABSTRACT
As per baseball diamond concept of port position, experimentally it is well known that putting camera port in the line
of target organ and working port equidistant from camera port such that they form a 30º angle each gives optimum
ergonomic advantage. However while performing laparoscopic surgeries in humans it is seldom possible to achieve
such port position. No such study has ever been attempted to find out value of angle of manipulation and angle of
azimuth while performing laparoscopic procedure. Purpose of our study was to measure such angles in our patients
during laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) and to verify the concept of baseball position of ports in the procedure. This
was a prospective observational study where angle of manipulation between right and left working port of surgeon
and angle of azimuth of both working instruments with the camera were measured intraoperatively. In our series of 12
patients who underwent LS in lateral position, we found angle of manipulation ranging from 41-85°. The azimuth
angle between first working port (epigastric) and camera port was in the range of 22-45° and the azimuth angle
between camera port and second working port was in the range of 19-40°. This was a first study that gave valuable
insight into the application of theoretical concept of triangulation in port placement in LS. This study may guide the
surgeons to measure and to modify the port position to gain advantage of better ergonomics and better long term
health
Keywords: Laparoscopic splenectomy, Angle of manipulation, Angle of azimuth
Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Received: 23 April 2021
Revised: 23 May 2021
Accepted: 28 May 2021
*Correspondence:
Dr. Yashvant S. Rathore,
E-mail: dryashvant.r@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20212723