; August. 2014 a Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 3, No.12 1 AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP, A CASE STUDY: OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY OF PROVINCE OF ILAM IN IRAN Saeedeh Shirkhani 1, Rouhollah Nazari 2 1 Master student of Business Management,Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam,Iran 2 Ph.D. Candidate of Economics, Firdausi University of Mashhad,Iran Abstract Present study intends to examine the effect of talent management on organizational entrepreneurship in company of oil products in province of Ilam, which is an applied study in terms of purpose and is a descriptive survey in its own nature. Data collecting tool is standardized questionnaire of talent management and organizational entrepreneurship, whose validity was confirmed and reliability of 91% was obtained for it. In order to test hypotheses, first Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied for its normality and Pearson test was used for measuring the relationship. Also, regression analysis was applied for examining the effect of variables and Friedman's test was utilized for prioritization. Findings of research obtained from data collected within a 95-subject sample consisting employees of IlamOil Company indicated that talent management and its dimensions have a significant effect upon organizational entrepreneurship. In addition, the dimensions were prioritized respectively, attraction, development, and retention. Keywords: Attraction, Development, Retention, Talent management, Organizational Entrepreneurship. 1-Introduction Nowadays, societies are facing with international wide-spreading evolutions. Increasing evolutions in man's life has caused to appear some debates over changes and evolutions in paradigms and events within different aspects of life and necessity for making new and creative ideas relative to the past. System of talent management is a system with a general and modern approach for filling the gaps of weakness points within current management systems in the way of development and growth of human capitals (Gholami et al, 2013). System of talent management has built new developments in organizational issues. Among most important developments, entrepreneurship within organizational spaces can be mentioned (Alian and Sayah, 2011). Today, entrepreneurship is regarded as one of main concerns for many managers of organizations whether small or big. Applying ideas of creative and entrepreneur employees can be as source of great developments in organizations and also to make wheels of economic development move forwardly (Bahrami et al, 2013). According to some researchers' opinions, organizational entrepreneurship is based on organization's capabilities for acquiring through new knowledge and utilizing current science. These processes rely on organization's intellectual capital and especially on man and social capital. Increase of competition between two local and global markets indicates the significance of