ht tp://www.imedpub.com 2017 Vol.8 No.4:137 © Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License | This artcle is available in: www.transbiomedicine.com DOI: 10.21767/2172-0479.100137 www.imedpub.com Research Article 1 Translational Biomedicine ISSN 2172-0479 iMedPub Journals Oyekachukwu AR, Elijah JP, Eshu OV* and Nwodo OFC Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Okpashi Victor Eshu  vic2reshu@gmail.com Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Tel: +2348037636808 Citation: Oyekachukwu AR, Elijah JP, Eshu OV, Nwodo OFC (2017) Ant-Infammatory Efects of The Chloroform Extract of Annona muricata Leaves on Phospholipase A 2 and Prostaglandin Synthase Actvites. Transl Biomed. Vol.8 No.4:137 Introducton Infammaton is a pervasive phenomenon that operates during severe perturbatons of homeostasis, such as infecton, injury and exposure to contaminants [1]. The triggering of infammaton leads to the release of infammatory mediators which can either be cell-derived or plasma-derived. Cell-derived mediators include: vasoactve amines, cytokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, thromboxane A 2 (T X A 2 ), prostacyclin, leukotrienes and platelet- actvatng factor. They are released from infammatory cells such as leukocytes, platelets and vascular endothelial cells. Mediator- producing systems in plasma include the complement, clotng, fbrinolytc and kinin systems. Acute infammatory response is Received: November 14, 2017; Accepted: December 18, 2017; Published: December 26, 2017 Abstract This study ascertained the mechanisms of the ant-infammatory actvity of the total lipid (chloroform) extract of Annona muricata leaves. The plant material was extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1) and parttoned with 0.2 volume water. The chloroform extract was investgated for its efect on the in vitro actvites of phospholipase A 2 , prostaglandin synthase and membrane stabilizaton. The extract signifcantly (p < 0.05) inhibited phospholipase A 2 actvity in a concentraton-related manner compared to the control, with a range of 0.2 - 0.6 mg/ml inhibitng the enzyme actvity by 23.91 - 43.48%. Efect of the extract on prostaglandin synthase actvity showed a signifcant (p < 0.05) inhibiton of enzyme actvity at the doses 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml compared to the control. The highest percentage inhibiton (87.46%) atained at 0.5 mg/ml was comparable to that of 1.0 mg/ml indomethacin. At various concentratons (0.1-0.8 mg/ml), the chloroform extract also signifcantly (p < 0.05) inhibited heat and hypotonicity- induced haemolysis of human red blood cells (HRBCs) compared to the control. The highest percentage inhibiton of heat-induced haemolysis (53.03%) was obtained at 0.4 mg/ml of the extract while the highest percentage inhibiton of hypotonicity-induced haemolysis (77.91%) was obtained at 0.8 mg/ml. This study thus confrmed that the mode of acton of this extract of Annona muricata leaves on infammaton could be through the inhibiton of phospholipase A 2 and prostaglandin synthase actvites and by membrane stabilizaton. Keywords: Annona muricata; Ant-infammatory; Phospholipase A 2 ; Prostaglandin synthase; Membrane stabilizaton; HRBCs: Human Red Blood Cell Membranes Ant-Infammatory Efects of The Chloroform Extract of Annona muricata Leaves on Phospholipase A 2 and Prostaglandin Synthase Actvites defned as a series of tssue responses that occur within the frst few hours following injury [2]. It is initated by resident tssue macrophages, mast cells and endothelial cells (Anosike [3]. Vascular responses in the acute infammatory response include vasodilataton and increased vascular permeability which leads to the leakage of plasma protein-rich fuid from the vascular compartment into the extravascular space. Acute infammaton also involves the emigraton of leukocytes from the vascular to the extravascular compartment. There is also actvaton of platelets and their aggregaton and the release of proteases and oxidants from phagocytes during acute infammaton [2]. The outcomes of acute infammaton are complete resoluton, healing by connectve tssue replacement, abscess formaton