Research Article Secure and Scalable Healthcare Data Transmission in IoT Based on Optimized Routing Protocols for Mobile Computing Applications Eshrag Refaee , 1 Shabana Parveen, 2 Khan Mohamed Jarina Begum, 1 Fatima Parveen, 3 M. Chithik Raja , 4 Shashi Kant Gupta, 5 and Santhosh Krishnan 6 1 Information Technology & Security, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia 2 Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia 3 Tech Mahindra, India 4 Information Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah, Oman 5 Computer Science and Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India 6 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Wollo University, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Kombolcha, Ethiopia Post Box No: 208 Correspondence should be addressed to Santhosh Krishnan; santhosh@kiot.edu.et Received 13 April 2022; Accepted 26 May 2022; Published 6 June 2022 Academic Editor: Kuruva Lakshmanna Copyright © 2022 Eshrag Refaee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Internet of Things (IoT) has impacted various aspects of life, but its profound effects on the health sector are particularly striking because of its cutting-edge nature. Mobile computing characteristics enable IoT to play a more important role when used with mobile computing. A significant part of the benefits of IoT in healthcare can be attributed to mobile health, which is greatly enhanced by mobile computing. Wearables transmit large amounts of data to IoT devices through sensors, actuators, and transceivers. Threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities abound for data on the Internet of Things. Therefore, addressing IoT- related security, privacy, and vulnerability issues call for a robust security solution. This paper proposes a secure and scalable healthcare data transmission framework in IoT based on an optimized routing protocol. Initially, the health data is collected from various IoT devices like wearable devices and sensors. The raw data is preprocessed via data cleaning and data reduction techniques. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) imputation is performed and principal component analysis (PCA) is employed for dimension reduction of the data. Utilizing modified local binary patterns (MLBP), the features are extracted from the preprocessed data. By combining the fuzzy dynamic trust-based RPL algorithm with the butter ant optimization (BAO) algorithm for low-power and lossy networks, the proposed fuzzy dynamic trust-based RPL (FDT-RPL) protocol improves the overall security of data transmission. The algorithm has been implemented for a smart healthcare system, and the performance is analyzed by comparing it with traditional approaches. The proposed routing protocol provided a secure and scalable healthcare data transmission. 1. Introduction Currently, mobile edge computing (MEC) and the Internet of Things (IoT) face several challenges in meeting the demands of the future. The development of technology is focused on reducing the amount of data that must be trans- mitted and the amount of network traffic that must be han- dled. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the most significant sources of big data in the IoT. In smart cyberphy- sical systems (SCPS), wireless sensor networks are used for many different applications [1]. As wireless sensor technolo- gies continue to evolve, we are witnessing the dawn of a new age of pervasive and intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Numerous breakthroughs have been made pos- sible by the Internet of Things, allowing it to provide con- nectivity to devices everywhere, all the time. Many IoT Hindawi Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Volume 2022, Article ID 5665408, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5665408