Forum: New Approaches to Eighteenth-Century
Literature, Culture, and Theory
Edited by Carl Niekerk; with contributions by Birgit Tautz, Nicholas Rennie,
Joel B. Lande, Beate I. Allert, Mary Helen Dupree, Elisabeth Krimmer,
Martin Wagner, and Ellwood Wiggins
The Local and the Global—or the Persistent Relevance of the Eighteenth Century
Very few literary scholars (and interested non-specialists!) would dispute the eigh-
teenth century’s relevance to German literature and culture: the century proved
fruitful not just for any notion of German national literature to emerge, but also
for the broader concept of Kulturnation to take hold. 1800/1900 has served as a
stark reminder—and entirely outside any Kittlerian paradigm—that national as-
piration preceded the reality of national unity by at least 100 years. Over the last
few decades, numerous alternate narratives and literary histories of the “German”
eighteenth century have been proposed. Their variety itself is impressive; their
quantity no less. Some contours emerge: on the one hand, these histories have
exposed the monolithic, exclusionary underpinnings of “canon formation” (itself
a problematic shorthand for “literary tradition”). On the other hand, scholars had
to content with a practice—definitely in German Studies (or, if you will, Aus-
landsgermanistik)—that has witnessed the pressure to engage, rather actively, with
questions of relevance. In turn, sometimes and all too easily, this quest has led to
an obsession with the contemporary, the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Despite these scholarly fault lines, eighteenth-century German cultural studies
are alive and well. Many novel approaches remain mindful of the rich scholarly
legacy engendered by German national literature and its historiography originat-
ing in philology, while intersecting both with other disciplines and an expanded
notion of the literary field that diversifies questions of genre and authorship.
Among these approaches, one stands out, at least to me. It chips away at the pre-
rogative that views the German literary and cultural tradition from the vantage
point of an “absent” nation around 1800. Instead of pivoting to the ideal of a po-
litically unified territory that prided itself of shared identity and language—of a
sensus communis or Nationalstaat—this approach seeks to tell literature and cul-
ture’s story from different, interwoven angles. What if, rather than working with
an imaginary nation, we proceeded from eighteenth-century spaces that confined
and inspired most literary and cultural activity, namely the local and the global?
The former stands for limited horizons, literally defined by city walls that only
gradually were taken down in the course of the eighteenth century. The latter
points to expansive aspirations and thought experiments as well as actual global
activities, exploration and exchange, transactions and translations. I have told
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Te German Quarterly 93.2 (Spring 2020)
©2020, American Association of Teachers of German