J Compr Ped. 2018 August; 9(3):e62557. Published online 2018 August 14. doi: 10.5812/compreped.62557. Research Article Evaluation of the Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Children with Febrile Seizure Behrang Kazeminezhad 1 , Hamid Taghinejad 2 , Milad Borji 2, * and Reza Seymohammadi 3 1 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 3 Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran * Corresponding author: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Tel: +98-9183404704, Email: borji_milad@yahoo.com Received 2017 October 07; Revised 2017 November 21; Accepted 2017 December 10. Abstract Background: Febrile seizure is the most common seizure disorder during childhood. Although its prognosis is appropriate, it may indicate a serious infection. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children with febrile seizure. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2017 in 238 children from Ilam. Data were collected us- ing a demographic questionnaire answered by the children. The patients’ records and diagnostic test results were used in a survey on disease history, considering the description of febrile seizure, the cause of referral, the necessary tests performed, body temper- ature measured using the axillary method, and seizure days. Data were analyzed by the SPSS version 18 software using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The findings showed that from among the 238 children studied, 143 (60.1%) were girls, 132 (55.5%) were aged 13 to 24 months, 145 (60.9%) had the first seizure on the first day of admission, and 92 (38.7%) had a fever with a body temperature between 37°C and 38°C. In addition, the findings showed that 28 (11.28%) children had UTI and 210 (88.2%) had no UTI. No correlation was found between UTI and seizure (P > 0.05). Conclusions: No correlation was found between UTI and seizure. Other studies among other children with febrile seizure should be performed. Keywords: Prevalence, Urinary Tract Infection, Febrile Seizure 1. Background Childhood is the stage of transition from infancy to adolescence. At this stage, growth mutations and phys- iological changes occur until adulthood. Childhood is a path toward the age of maturity (1). Over the past years, health has been recognized as a human right and social goal. The age group of 7 to 15 years, especially in the third- world countries, comprises a major population. Owing to the vulnerability of this population group, paying atten- tion to their sanitation and health has an undeniable ef- fect on the health of the community (2). The success of students at school is the main objective of any educational system, which can have a significant impact on the present and future lives of children and adolescents. Many factors contribute to students’ school achievement (3), and illness in the child is an impeding factor to students ‘progress (4). Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a pediatric disorder. The term is used for a wide range of clinical disorders, from asymptomatic bacteriuria to kidney infections and sepsis. When the infection affects the lower urinary tract, it is known as cystitis, and when it affects the upper urinary tract, it is known as pyelonephritis (5-7). UTI is the second most common bacterial disease in children secondary to upper respiratory tract infections (8). According to esti- mates, approximately 150 million people get UTI each year (9). In terms of epidemiology, the prevalence of UTI varies with age and sex (10). UTI in younger children is usually di- agnosed when the cause of the fever is examined. It is the most common bacterial infection that affects the human life (11). In fact, UTI is one of the most common diseases in the 2 to 6-year-old group, affecting approximately 3% to 5% of girls and boys (12). In UTI, Escherichia coli pathogens are common. A wide range of beta-lactamases produced by E.coli has become widespread worldwide (13). Considering the renal scars and complications of UTI, screening chil- dren with UTI for pyelonephritis and renal scars is strongly recommended (14). Fever and seizure are the most common disorders dur- ing childhood. Although its prognosis is appropriate, it can indicate a serious underlying infection such as sepsis Copyright © 2018, Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.