Universal Journal of Materials Science 6(1): 39-47, 2018 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujms.2018.060105
Effect of Cooling Cycle after Sintering on the Thermal
Diffusivity of Y
2
O
3
Doped Si
3
N
4
Ceramics
Pınar Uyan
1,*
, Servet Turan
2
1
Vocational School, Metallurgy Program, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Turkey
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anadolu University, Turkey
Copyright©2018 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract As a result of the studies that have been made
for increasing the thermal conductivity of Si
3
N
4
, increasing
thermal conductivity values have paved the way for the
technologic applications such as using the Si
3
N
4
in
electronic devices as heatsink and substrate. Two important
parameters such as density and grain boundary phase that
affect the thermal conductivity of the Si
3
N
4
ceramics are
based on the sintering additives and techniques. Exposure
time to gas applied in the sintering and cooling cycle after
sintering are the critical factors that affect the intergranular
phase crystallization. In this study, the effect of Y
2
O
3
doped Si
3
N
4
ceramics and different cooling cycle after
gas-pressure sintering to the phase crystallization and
thermal diffusivity was researched. The samples were
subjected to two different cooling cycles after sintering.
The thermal diffusivity value of the sample applied by slow
cooling cycle is 17.79 mm
2
/sec, the sample applied by
rapid cooling cycle is 16.2 mm
2
/sec. As a result of slow
cooling cycle, the crystallization has increased but thermal
diffusivity has decreased at the rate of ~ 8.94%.
Keywords Thermal Conductivity, Crystallization,
Microstructure Characterization
1. Introduction
Si
3
N
4
ceramics have high thermal conductivity,
electrical resistance, fracture toughness and strength
properties [1]. Haggerty and Lightfoot calculated the [2]
thermal conductivity of β-Si
3
N
4
at room temperature as
200-320 W/mK. The recent studies showed that the
thermal conductivity of Si
3
N
4
has reached to the value of
100-155 W/mK [3-5]. These increasing thermal
conductivity values have paved the way of new technologic
applications of Si
3
N
4
as substrates for heat sinks and
integrated circuits in electronic devices.
Due to the strong covalent bonding structure of Si
3
N
4
, it
has noticed that sintering at high density is difficult via
traditional ceramic sintering methods and liquid phase
sintering technique that is the alternative production
technique was started to be used. Despite the fact that
oxide additions during the sintering have generated a
liquid phase having low eutectic, a liquid is occurred that
could be dissolved without separating the Si
3
N
4
. It is more
than important in which temperature the liquid phase is
occurred, its viscosity and solubility of the Si
3
N
4
. For that
reason, different additional materials and different
compositions have been tried accordingly. It is important
that such additions are distributed as uniform and those
should pack around Si
3
N
4
grains [6, 7].
In order to increase the thermal conductivity of Si
3
N
4
ceramics, it is important to increase the density and to
decrease the amount of grain boundary phase. These
parameters are based on the sintering additions and
sintering techniques. Y
2
O
3
is a suitable oxide additive to
enhance the thermal conductivity of β-Si
3
N
4
ceramics [8].
When sintering additions are on the grain boundaries, it is
the reason for decreasing the thermal conductivity. High N
2
pressure that is one of the sintering methods prevents the
decomposition at Si
3
N
4
and thus, it allows increasing at
high temperatures. When sintering temperature is
increased, occurrence of big rod like grains is provided in
thin matrix structure. As a result of this, the thermal
conductivity is increased [5]. In Si
3
N
4
ceramics produced
by GPS, by taking into the consideration of exposing to the
nitrogen gas, it was found that the phases among the
current grains have changed. Additionally, the cooling
cycle after sintering has important effect in the occurrence
of intergranular phases [9]. Type, amount, and distribution
of grain boundary phases in microstructure effect thermal
conductivity [10-15].
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of
different cooling cycles applied in gas pressure sintering on
crystallization and thermal diffusivity at Y
2
O
3
added Si
3
N
4
.