March 2022 · Volume 11 · Issue 3 Page 965
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Balasubramanian KK et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Mar;11(3):965-968
www.ijrcog.org
pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789
Case Report
Torsion of in-utero fetal ovarian cyst
Kruthiga Kumari Balasubramanian*, Lalitha Natarajan,
Paavai Arunachalam, Latha Maheshwari
INTRODUCTION
Multidisciplinary teamwork is essential to provide the best
possible care for patients. This report describes the
management of a pregnant woman who was diagnosed
with a fetal hemorrhagic abdominal cyst, which can lead
to severe complications if not treated timely. This is an
interesting, rare case and useful for learning experience.
Ovarian cyst is a fluid filled sac within the ovary, mostly
asymptomatic and harmless. The incidence of fetal ovarian
cysts detected in utero has increased over the past decade
(1 in 2600 pregnancies) due to increased use of ultrasound,
which is usually diagnosed at the end of second and third
trimester scans. Stimulation of fetal ovary by placental and
maternal hormones leads to development of ovarian cysts,
and usually regress shortly after birth once hormonal
stimulation has decreased.
1
Ovarian cysts can be simple cysts which are completely
anechoic in ultrasound, while complex cysts have an
echogenic wall, internal septae, debris and blood clots and
require surgical management. Complications include
torsion, hemorrhage, recurrence, preterm labor and
rupture.
2
From this study, it can be concluded that ultrasound scans
done antenatally can help diagnose many anomalies in the
fetus in-utero, which help in early interventions post-
delivery and prevent further neonatal morbidity and
mortality.
CASE REPORT
22 years old primi gravida, LMP-3/10/20 EDD-10/7/21,
non-consanguineous marriage, spontaneous conception,
booked and immunized at an outside hospital and
undergone regular antenatal checkups, was referred at 38
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220589
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,
India
Received: 17 January 2022
Revised: 09 February 2022
Accepted: 10 February 2022
*Correspondence:
Dr. Kruthiga Kumari Balasubramanian,
E-mail: sweet6hopes@yahoo.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
A 22 years old primi-gravida was diagnosed to have a 6.3×5×5.37 cm hemorrhagic gonadal cyst in fetus at 38 weeks of
gestation by growth scan, on follow-up. At term gestation, she delivered a female baby by vacuum assisted vaginal
delivery, weighed 2.86 kg, no other anomalies. X-ray done at 1st hour of life showed mass on the right side. USG
abdomen done showed an intraperitoneal cystic lesion (5.7×3.9×6.3 cm) in right lumbar quadrant of abdomen and
pediatric surgeon was consulted. Baby taken for diagnostic laparoscopy on second day of life. Findings were right large
ovarian cyst with torsion with adhesions to small bowel. 75 ml of hemorrhagic fluid drained and ovarian cystectomy
done, sample sent for histopathological examination, turned out to be a simple cyst. Baby discharged on day 7 of life
(POD-5), hemodynamically stable and on direct breast feeding, tolerated well.
Keywords: Hemorrhagic gonadal cyst, Torsion, Diagnostic laparoscopy