this may be due to shared lymphatic drainage between
the breast and upper limb in this group of patients, and
the aim of this study was to investigate the extent of the
similarity between the axillary lymphatic drainage basins
of the breast and upper limb.
Methods Patients with breast cancer due to undergo
axillary lymph node dissection were injected pre-opera-
tively with 40 MBq of
99m
Tc-human immunoglobulin
(HIG) intradermally into the peri-areolar region of the
ipsilateral breast and 3 MBq of
111
In-HIG intradermally
into the dorsum of the ipsilateral hand, or vice versa.
Axillary lymph nodes were removed, separated, and well-
counted for the presence of
99m
Tc and
111
In.
Results In all, 15 patients were entered into the study.
In 13/15 patients the ‘hottest’ lymph node for
99m
Tc was
different from the ‘hottest’ lymph node for
111
In. In 2/15
patients the ‘hottest’ lymph node for
99m
Tc was also the
‘hottest’ lymph node for
111
In suggesting a common
drainage pathway for the ipsilateral breast and upper
limb.
Conclusion Whilst the majority of patients have different
pathways of lymphatic drainage for the ipsilateral breast
and upper limb, in some patients the drainage pathway is
through a common sentinel lymph node. These patients
may be at increased risk of developing lymphoedema
when undergoing SLNB.
A30 Correlation of tumour histology with tumour to
background ratio in
99m
Tc-depreotide SPECT imaging of
the lung
G. Ainslie, A. Bolster and J.B. Neilly
Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK.
Aim To determine the effectiveness of a measure of
tumour to background ratio (T:B) as a quantification tool
in
99m
Tc-depreotide SPECT imaging.
Method The raw data were reconstructed using iterative
reconstruction followed by a post reconstruction low pass
filter. Values of T:B were obtained from the transverse
slices by defining a region of interest around the site of
the tumour and around a region of normal lung uptake
(background region: same slice and lung). In cases where
the tumour site was too large, background regions were
defined in the contra-lateral lung.
Results Case notes of 24 patients undergoing NeoS-
PECT scanning were reviewed. To date, histology was
available in 12 patients, 9 of whom (group 1) had non-
small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); and 3 (group 2) had
benign histology (TB, organizing pneumonia, bronchiec-
tasis). The mean T:B for group 1 was 2.14 while the mean
T:B for group 2 was 2.09. Due to small numbers statistical
comparison was not possible.
Conclusion The results demonstrate that T:B ratios for
NeoSPECT uptake in the primary NSCLC lesions is of
the magnitude of approximately 2:1. These results are
similar in magnitude to those lesions with benign
histology.
A31 Longitudinal follow-up of patients with medullary
thyroid cancer
R. Karugaba and S.E.M. Clarke
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Background Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is rare. Its
behaviour is usually indolent and calcitonin levels may be
elevated for a number of years before imaging identifies
the site(s) of recurrence
Aim To determine the value of combined planar and
tomographic radionuclide imaging with
99m
Tc(V)-dimer-
captosuccinic acid (
99m
Tc(V)-DMSA) and
111
In-octreo-
tide in the longitudinal follow-up of patients with MTC.
Method Scan results were reviewed in 19 patients (17
female, 2 male, mean age 68 years). Seventy combined
studies were performed over a mean period of 7.5 years
(range 1–18 years). Studies were repeated at 6-month
intervals if calcitonin levels were rising rapidly and at 1-
year intervals if calcitonin levels were elevated but
plateaued or rising slowly.
Results Twenty-eight (37.3%) combined studies were
abnormal and, similarly, 28 (37.3%) were negative. In 15
(20%) combined studies the
99m
Tc(V)-DMSA alone was
positive and in 4 ( 5.3%) the
111
In-octreotide alone was
positive. In 11
99m
Tc(V)-DMSA and 7
111
In-octreotide
studies the tomographic study alone was positive. In 13
patients, the combined studies became positive during
the course of follow-up.
Conclusion Combined imaging with planar and tomo-
graphic
99m
Tc(V)-DMSA/
111
In-octreotide identified sites
of recurrent disease in 62.7% of follow-up studies
performed. Radionuclide imaging provides an effective
method of monitoring MTC patients with biochemical
evidence of relapse.
A32 Experience with
90
y-ibritumomab (zevalin) in the
management of refractory non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
S. Han
a
, A.H. Iagaru
b
, H.J. Zhu
b
and M.L. Goris
b
a
Nuclear Medicine Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK,
and
b
Nuclear Medicine Department, Stanford University Medical
Centre, California, USA.
Introduction Radioimmunotherapy has been shown to be
an effective treatment for refractory non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma (NHL). We present our experience with
Zevalin, a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody targeting
CD20, in the management of refractory NHL.
Patients and methods The case records of 25 patients (19
male, 6 female; mean age 57 years, range 36–85 years),
who had outpatient Zevalin therapy in 2000–2005 for
refractory NHL were reviewed retrospectively. Types of
NHL were follicular/mixed follicular (12), mantle cell
(9), marginal zone/MALT (2), diffuse large cell (1) and
immunoblastic (1). Patients were preloaded with Ritux-
imab (250 mgÁm
–2
) on days 0 and 7, followed by
diagnostic
111
In 185 MBq (5 mCi) on day 0 and ther-
1022 Nuclear Medicine Communications 2006, Vol 27 No 12
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