Bull Math Biol DOI 10.1007/s11538-017-0276-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Malaria Transmission Model with Temperature-Dependent Incubation Period Xiunan Wang 1 · Xiao-Qiang Zhao 1 Received: 20 December 2016 / Accepted: 29 March 2017 © Society for Mathematical Biology 2017 Abstract Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and is transmitted among humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Climate factors have significant impact on both mosquito life cycle and parasite development. To consider the temperature sensitivity of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of malaria para- sites, we formulate a delay differential equations model with a periodic time delay. We derive the basic reproduction ratio R 0 and establish a threshold type result on the global dynamics in terms of R 0 , that is, the unique disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable if R 0 < 1; and the model system admits a unique positive periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable if R 0 > 1. Numeri- cally, we parameterize the model with data from Maputo Province, Mozambique, and simulate the long-term behavior of solutions. The simulation result is consistent with the obtained analytic result. In addition, we find that using the time-averaged EIP may underestimate the basic reproduction ratio. Keywords Vector-borne disease · Periodic delay · Basic reproduction ratio · Periodic solution · Global attractivity This work is supported in part by the NSERC of Canada. B Xiunan Wang xiunan.wang@mun.ca Xiao-Qiang Zhao zhao@mun.ca 1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada 123