Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
Volume 14 580 2020
Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
vol. 14, 2020, p. 580-586
https://doi.org/10.5219/1273
Received: 10 January 2020. Accepted: 26 May 2020.
Available online: 28 July 2020 at www.potravinarstvo.com
© 2020 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, License: CC BY 3.0
ISSN 1337-0960 (online)
EFFECT OF GERMINATED WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) ON CHEMICAL,
AMINO ACID AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF MEAT PATE
Bahytkul Assenova, Eleonora Okuskhanova, Maksim Rebezov, Oksana Zinina,
Nadezhda Baryshnikova, Evgeniya Vaiscrobova, Elena Kasatkina, Mohammad Ali Shariati,
Muhammad Usman Khan, Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong
ABSTRACT
Germinated cereal crops are widely used in the technology of meat products, as they contain a significant amount of vitamins,
minerals and protein. This study presents the formulation and processing technology of meat pate with the addition of wheat
(Triticum aestivum) germ. Three treatments of 10, 15 and 20% of germinated wheat (GW) were prepared. Wheat sprouts
were crushed and mixed for 6 minutes in a meat mixer together with broth, oat flour, and spices to obtain a smooth mass.
This was mixed with minced meat and grinded on a cutter to obtain a more uniform finished paste that was dosed into lamister
or tin containers, sterilized and stored for 2 years. This was followed by the determination of its proximate composition,
water-binding capacity, and sensory analysis. Results show that the meat pate with 10% of GW in comparison with the
control, contains more protein, is more nutritious with a lower fat content of 6.8%, and a lower carbohydrate content of
11.3%. The results of the organoleptic evaluation showed that the highest average score was for the meat pate with a recipe
that contains 10% of germinated wheat, and the lowest was for the meat pate containing 20% of germinated wheat. Meat pate
containing 10% of germinated wheat has a higher water-holding capacity and the optimal pH value. This study suggests that
wheat can be used in appropriate formulation to improve the organoleptic quality of meat pate.
Keywords: meat pate; wheat; germination; water-holding capacity
INTRODUCTION
The modern approach of nutrition science applies high
requirements to food products quality, taking into account
not only its energy value but also the presence of
components necessary for human health (a complex of
biologically active substances, dietary fiber, pectin, organic
acids, minerals, etc.) possessing immunostimulating,
radioprotective, prophylactic and healing properties
(Kakimov et al., 2017; Kolbábek et al., 2019). Due to the
deficiency of meat, meat industry experts are developing
new methods of production by replacing meat with protein-
containing raw materials and protein supplements that are
close in quality to meat protein (Kenenbay et al., 2017;
Momchilova et al., 2019). Recently, there has been a steady
trend in the development and production of combined meat
products, where along with meat, the plant raw materials
sampled from the local region are used to regulate the
protein, lipid, amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, mineral
and vitamin composition of the food product (Arihara,
2006; Kassenov et al., 2019). The production of combined
meat products based on plant materials is one of the
promising areas for the creation of food products for the
medical and preventive purposes of the modern food
industry (Nishanova et al., 2020). Pate is a meat product
made of thermally processed ingredients with spreading
consistency. The classic pate recipe includes liver, offal,
meat, animal fats (lard, poultry fat, and butter), pepper,
spices, and salt (Okuskhanova et al., 2016; Smolnikova et
al., 2019). The goal of this study was to evaluate the
nutritive value of meat pate enriched with germinated wheat
as a contribution towards the improvement of the
organoleptic quality of this delicacy.
Scientific hypothesis
The scientific hypothesis of this work is the creation of
low-waste, resource-saving technologies of new kinds of
pate products, using low-grade meat raw materials and
wheat sprouts, allowing to increase biological value
(chemical, amino acid composition), physico-chemical and
organoleptic characteristics of meat pate in a directed way.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials: The technological process of production
consists of the following operations
The meat trimmings from the head of cattle were washed
and cut into small pieces. Then the pieces of meat trimmings
were cooked for 1 – 1.5 hours. After cooking it was weighed
and crushed in a meat grinder with a diameter of the plate
holes (2 – 3) mm. Onions were peeled, washed, chopped