International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 7 (2017) pp. 1365-1370
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
1365
The Influence of Geopolymer for Laterite Soil with Different Compaction
Effort as a Soil Liner
Dr. Mazidah Mukri
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nik Nurul Syuhada Nik Ab Aziz
Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
Modern landfills are designed to prevent liquid from leaching
out and entering the environment. However, if not properly
managed, the leachate is at risk for mixing with
groundwater near the site, which can have negative effects to
the human and environment. Lining system is the most
important part in a landfill area. The purpose of lining system
is to minimize leachate egress and prevent ground pollution.
The typical forms of lining system are clay mineral liners,
geomembrane liners and bentonite enriched soil liner. In
designing soil liner, it is important to compact it properly to
achieve low hydraulic conductivity and high strength of soil.
In this study, laterite soil is used as a soil liner which were
stabilized by adding different percentage of geopolymer.
Geopolymer is a material that can easily react with water
which results into a powerful compaction aid giving a higher
density for the same compaction effort. Hence, geopolymer is
choose to mix with laterite soil. Different percentage of
geopolymer were used which are 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%.
This research was carried out in an attempt to see the
difference of compaction parameters between two types of
compaction effort for laterite soil mix with geopolymer. The
outcome of this study give a positive results due to the
potential of geopolymer to fulfill spaces that exist between soil
particles. It is also found that geopolymer give influences to
the resistance properties, hydraulic conductivity and the
strength of soil.
Keywords: Laterite soil, geopolymer, compaction effort,
optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, soil liner
INTRODUCTION
Soil liners are commonly used in the base of waste
containment facilities. It has been used for many years as
engineered hydraulic barriers for waste containment facilities.
A low hydraulic conductivity is the key parameter in the
design of liner to prevent the downward migration of
contaminants into aquifers. Besides that, [1] exposed that a
landfill liner should have low hydraulic conductivity, be
resistant to shrinkage cracking and have suitable mechanical
properties for structural integrity during construction and
operation. According to [2], from their studies suggest proper
soil set of values for basic soil properties in order to achieve a
hydraulic conductivity lower than 10
-7
cm/sec.
Fine grained soils are normally used as a barrier primarily
because their particle size is small enough to limit the flow of
fluids. Compacted soil liners, usually 0.6 m to 3 m thick,
consist of natural soil which is recompacted in the field to
obtain the desired hydraulic strength properties. Good
engineering practice and quality assurance programs can result
in good quality and low hydraulic conductivity soil liners [3].
The hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil liners depends
on the soil mineralogy and the manner of placement of the
liner. Examples of soil liners used in liner and cover systems
are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Examples of typical modern landfill (Source: [3])
Compaction
Compaction is defined as the reduction in soil void ratio by
expulsion of air from the voids. Compaction occurs instantly
with application of a force. Because compaction involves
reducing the void ratio without changing the moisture content,
the degree of saturation will increase [4]. Usually, the
compactability of soil can be used as an example how
moisture content, strength and management can interact. The
wet soil has low resistance to structural change because it has
a lower strength compare to dry soil. This is showed by the
critical moisture content curve. For a given compaction force,
the compaction effect increases as water content increases
until to a point where the soil become so wet that the
compaction will drops off. The critical moisture content for
compaction occurs at the peak of the curve. There are a lot of
factors that can affect the critical moisture content of the soil
including soil texture and organic content of the soil.