253 Journal of Paleolimnology 22: 253–257, 1999.
© 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
Improved mapping of the Lake Agassiz Herman strandline by integrating
geological and soil maps
Eric C. Brevik & Thomas E. Fenton
Soil Morphology and Genesis, Agronomy Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Received 16 July 1998; accepted 27 September 1998
Key words: Lake Agassiz strandlines, mapping, soils and geology
Abstract
Several discontinuous, segmented strandlines that mark the former shores of Lake Agassiz can be found in eastern
North Dakota. These strandlines are difficult to map and correlate because of their segmented nature. Better mapping
would benefit researchers working on a number of problems involving Lake Agassiz including dating the strandlines,
reconstructing the lake’s history, and calculation of asthenosphere viscosity beneath the Lake Agassiz basin.
Elongated soil delineations representing beach-indicative soils with a north-northwest trend and extending from
currently mapped areas of the Herman strandline were identified on Grand Forks County soil maps. This information
was combined with the geologic map of Grand Forks County in an attempt to better define the location of the Herman
strandline in the southern part of the county. This approach worked well, and it is recommended that similar studies
be attempted on other Lake Agassiz strandlines in North Dakota and the surrounding area.
Brevik & Gosnold 1998b), and ice thickness and
rebound calculations in the Lake Agassiz basin (e.g.,
Brevik & Reid, 1994; Brevik, 1994). Techniques and
tools to improve mapping should be aggressively
pursued because of the wide range of geological
subdisciplines that stand to benefit from improved
mapping of the Lake Agassiz strandlines.
This study concentrates on the Herman strandline,
and compares the geologic map of Grand Forks County
(Hansen and Kume, 1970) to soil maps in the Grand
Forks County Soil Survey (Doolittle et al., 1981)
(Figure 1). The Herman strandline is the oldest of the
well-preserved Lake Agassiz strandlines (Bluemle,
1991), and as such is of particular interest to some
researchers. The Herman strandline has been mapped
in Grand Forks County, but is largely absent from the
southern 16 km of the Grand Forks County geologic
map (Hansen & Kume, 1970). The Herman strandline
is preserved as either beaches or wave-cut scarps in
Grand Forks County, depending on location (Bluemle,
1991; Hansen & Kume, 1970). In the parts of Grand
Forks County where the Herman strandline is preserved
as beaches most of the deposits are sand and gravel,
Introduction
Several north-northwest trending strandlines were
formed along the western shores of glacial Lake
Agassiz as the lake receded from eastern North Dakota.
In many places these strandlines exhibit very little
topographic relief, making it difficult to trace and
correlate them. The strandlines tend to occur as dis–
continuous segments that are often less than 5 km long
(Bluemle, 1991). Numerous large gaps, which are
frequently larger than 3 km and may be as large as 10
km or more, occur between mapped strandline segments
(Bluemle, 1991; Hansen & Kume, 1970).
Better mapping and correlation of the Lake Agassiz
strandlines would be helpful to a number of researchers
working on a wide range of problems. Examples
include work on dating Lake Agassiz stages (e.g.,
Fenton et al., 1983), determination of the volume,
extent and drainage of Lake Agassiz at various times
in its history (e.g., Teller & Thorliefson, 1983; Teller,
1990; Fisher & Smith, 1994), calculation of astheno-
sphere viscosity beneath the Lake Agassiz basin (e.g.,
Brevik, 1994; Brevik, 1997; Brevik & Gosnold, 1998a,