Jurnal THEOLOGIA, Vol 32 No 2 (2021), 153–172 ISSN 0853-3857 (print) - 2540-847X (online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.7906 JURNAL THEOLOGIA — Volume 32, No. 2, Desember 2021 153 Islamic Radicalism: History and a Case Study in the Indonesia Context Pratiwi Eunike 1 , Bobby Kurnia Putrawan 2 1 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Bekasi, Indonesia; 2 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi STAPIN Majalengka, Indonesia Email: 1 eunikepratiwie@gmail.com; 2 bkputrawan@gmail.com Abstract: In the history of Islam, in the classical era, radicalism has existed, so that it is not a new phenomenon in the modern age. Since the time of the Caliph Umar radicalism has emerged, but not yet organized, only in the time of the Caliph Ali bin Abu Talib this movement began to be systemized and organized through a Khawarij theological movement with its radical and uncompromising understanding of various acts of violence to oppose the takhim or arbitration between the caliphs. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah. Arbitration takes place in the context of the Shiffin war in which the khawarij group considers those who agreed to deviate from Islamic teachings. Later in Cairo an organization that had the same characteristics as the khawarij emerged, who wanted the authenticity of the teachings of Islam in the form of literal interpretation, without compromise, softening or reduction or reinterpretation. In filling out theological studies related to radicalism, this research was made to analyze "The relationship between radical genealogists in the classical period and the contemporary era in interpreting the Qur'an literally" At the end of the analysis will discuss the deconstruction of jihad as an effort to explain the meaning of jihad from various paradigms. Keywords: Islam Indonesia, deconstruction, jihad, radicalism. A. Introduction In the traditions and history of Muslims, symptoms of violent behaviour emerge through a Khawarij theological movement, that happened in the context of the Shiffin war, where these people opposed tahkim or arbitration conducted by the caliph Ali bin Abi Talib with Muawiyah bin Abi Sofyan. The Khawarij