Research Article
Analyses of Mineral Content and Heavy Metal of Honey Samples
from South and East Region of Turkey by Using ICP-MS
Serap KJlJç Altun,
1
Hikmet Dinç,
2
Nilgün Paksoy,
3
Füsun Karaçal TemamoLullarJ,
2
and Mehmet Savrunlu
4
1
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, 63000 S ¸anlıurfa, Turkey
2
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, 63000 S ¸anlıurfa, Turkey
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, 63000 S ¸anlıurfa, Turkey
4
Province Control Laboratory, Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock, 63000 S ¸anlıurfa, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Serap Kılıc ¸ Altun; vetserapaltun@hotmail.com
Received 22 December 2016; Revised 31 March 2017; Accepted 19 April 2017; Published 11 May 2017
Academic Editor: G¨ unther K. Bonn
Copyright © 2017 Serap Kılıc ¸ Altun et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Te substantial of mineral ingredients in honey may symbolize the existence of elements in the plants and soil of the vicinity wherein
the honey was taken. Te aim of this study was to detect the levels of 13 elements (Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Iron
(Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Aluminum (Al), and
Selenium (Se)) in uniforal and multiforal honey samples from south and east regions of Turkey. Survey of 71 honey samples from
seven diferent herbal origins, picked up from the south and east region of Turkey, was carried out to determine their mineral
contents during 2015-2016. Te mineral contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Te
most abundant minerals were K, Na, and Ca ranging within 1.18–268 ppm, 0.57–13.1 ppm, and 0.77–4.5 ppm, respectively. Zn and
Cu were the most abundant trace element while Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr were the lowest heavy metals in the honey samples surveyed,
with regard to the concentrations of heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr suggested and infuence of the botanical
origin of element composition. Geochemical and geographical diferences are probably related to the variations of the chemical
components of honey samples.
1. Introduction
Bees produce honey from the pollen and nectar which visit
fowers, other plants, and honeydew. Honey is a kind of
natural mellifuous nutrient produced from nectar and pollen
grains or from secretion of living plant parts that the Apis
mellifera bees collect [1]. Bees make honey to behave as a
nutrient reservoir for the colony for hard times when the
climate is adverse and there are no fowers [2].
Te Codex Alimentarius [3] defnes honey as follows:
“Honey is the natural sweet substance, produced by honey-
bees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living
parts of plants, or excretions of plant-sucking insects on the
living parts of plants, which the bees collect, transform by
combining with specifc substances of their own, deposit,
dehydrate, store and leave in honeycombs to ripen and
mature.”
Honey has a superior nutritional value and it is a com-
position of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, fructose,
maltose, and other polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as
well as acids, favonoids, vitamins, minerals, waxes, aroma
compounds, pollen grains, pigments, and enzymes [4, 5].
Te composition depends on the composition of nectar and
honeydews [4]. Honey also contains a variety of macro-
and microminerals that are the minor constituents of honey
present in the range 0.02–1.03%. Trace elements are mainly
the ash content of honey [2]. Elements are inorganic com-
pounds which have to exist in the human body for vital
activities. Elements such as Se, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn
are essential for normal metabolism [6] but above tolerance
Hindawi
International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Volume 2017, Article ID 6391454, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6391454