NUCLEATION OF NANOPORES IN GLASS OPTICAL FIBERS UNDER
INFLUENCE OF TENSILE STRESS: EXPERIMENT
I. Santiago Nuñez
1
, M.G. Shlyagin
1,2*
, S.A. Kukushkin
3,4,5
1
CICESE, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada,
Ensenada, C.P. 22860 Mexico
2
Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
3
Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Bolshoi 61, V.O., St. Petersburg, 199178, Russia
4
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia
5
ITMO University, Kronverkskiy 49, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
*e-mail: mish@cicese.mx
Abstract. The article reports on observation of nanopores nucleated under a tensile stress in the
core of the germanosilicate optical fibers doped with boron. Pores were observed with an
atomic-force microscope on the faces of cleaved fiber tips. Under certain experimental
conditions, pores form a quasi-periodic structure and their sizes are in a good agreement with
predictions of the earlier proposed model based on the theory of phase transitions. The
theoretically estimated threshold stress level for effective nucleation of pores corresponds well
to the results of experimental observations.
1. Introduction
Optical glass attracts considerable research interest as promising structural material for
traditional applications as well as for high-tech applications in optoelectronics, lasers and
optical communications. Despite the large amount of research activities performed in glasses
and other brittle materials, some aspects of glass fracture and its strength still are not clear in
details. The difficulty is in the complicated structure of amorphous materials and very strong
influence of technological process parameters on the final properties of glass, even for glass
samples with the same chemical composition. In this context, research on mechanical strength,
radiation induced damage, and laser processing of glass are actual fields of scientific research
in technology and physics.
Oxide-based glass materials, such as fused quartz or silicate glass, are considered as
typical brittle materials. Usually, glass fracture occurs without detectable deformation by a
rapid crack propagation. When a critical external tensile load is applied to a uniform glass
sample, the direction of crack propagation coincides well with the direction perpendicular to
the tensile force vector. A commonly accepted mechanism is based on the break of interatomic
bonds in the glass structure leading to a very smooth mirror-like rupture surface. However, the
real technical strength of the glass is much below than the one estimated using an inter-atom
bond strength. The empirical model of crack propagation in brittle solids, developed almost
100 years ago [1], is based on existence of defects (micro-cracks) operating as stress
concentrators in a volume of the brittle material or on surface of the material sample.
In recent years, there exists significant and increasing interest to interaction of intense
laser radiation with solids. Laser processing of materials is now a rapidly progressing field of
technology. In optics, a micron-size local permanent modification of the glass properties is very
Materials Physics and Mechanics 29 (2016) 125-132 Received: October 17, 2016
© 2016, Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering
© 2016, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University